Monthly Edition: October November 25, 2023 at 2:01:50 PM 00 °c Log In Monthly Edition: October Israeli-Palestinian Conflict - Devastated People, Devastated Business Monthly Edition: October 2023.11.12 Share Dongha Kim, Seyeon (Diane) Lee, Yubin Cho, Yeounseo Kim, Chawon Jung, Jieeun Newhook, Sugyeong Hwang, Suji Lee, Heyn Lee At the end of World War II, global communities, due to the massive death of Jewish people caused by the Holocaust, were all persuaded that the Jewish people needed a Jewish nation. Although this seemed reasonable, this caused thousands of Palestinians living in the area to become refugees, just because the world has claimed their land as now belonging to the Jews. Since then, a series of conflicts have arisen. The most recent terrorist attack of Hamas, an Islamist political group in Palestine, have changed the situation quite drastically, though; Their attack on land, sea, and air have killed over a thousand Israeli civilians, which inevitably pulled Israel directly into the conflict, and caused the Israeli government to react to the conflict as violent as the cause brought by Hamas. However, the reaction of the Israeli government towards the terrorist attacks seems like it is heading the wrong way, towards innocent Palestinians and threatening their lives, including several business aspects of the nation. One example of a devastated business influenced by the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is the schools of Gaza. On October 29, 2023, the Gaza Ministry of Education officially announced that: “This year’s [school semesters have] officially ended due to the deaths of most of the students”. About 45% of the deaths caused by the Israeli-Palestinian conflict are children, with over 4,000 children dead from the bombing of Israel. It seems clear to the global community that no matter the core of the conflict, terrorizing innocent children should be stopped. Works Cited > News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Research Paper The Kyoto Protocol: Balance between the Economy and Environment Economic Share Chaeri (Iris) Kang Adopted on the 11th of December in 1997, the Kyoto Protocol (192 parties) mandated 37 industrialized countries and the European community to reduce their emissions by an average of 5 percent against 1990 levels over the period of 2008-2012. As the first international treaty to set legally binding targets to limit greenhouse gas emissions, its importance is still studied by researchers despite the Paris Agreement replacing its role from November of 2016. Under the principle of ‘common but differentiated responsibility and respective capabilities,’ the protocol set individual targets agreed by the countries and monitored the countries’ progress. In order to help the countries to achieve their emission reduction targets, the protocol established flexible market mechanisms. One of the mechanisms included the Clean Development Mechanism. Through this mechanism, countries that ratified the protocol would be able to implement greenhouse gas reduction projects in countries that were not allocated the amount of greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, more developed countries would be able to meet their target goals, and the developing countries would receive technological and financial support from the more developed countries. It aimed to allow both the more developed and the developing countries to contribute to the sustainable development of their respective countries with no significant damage to the economy. But in reality, was it possible for the Kyoto Protocol to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and allow countries to maintain a stable economy? Is there such a thing as a perfect balance between the economy and the environment? According to the empirical findings by William D. Nordhaus, who was a Sterling Professor of Economics in Yale University and is an American economist, and Joseph Boyer, although most Annex I parties (industrialized countries that were members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1992 and the economies in transition including the Russian Federation, the Baltic States, and several Central and Eastern European States) are developed countries, economic growth may be curtailed because of the socioeconomic costs, investments, and implementation of corresponding policies for emission reductions. Their findings showed that the economic outputs of those parties are reduced due to the need to reduce energy, thus leading to an increase in production costs. According to the study on the ‘Environmental and economic effectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol’ published in a peer-reviewed journal PLOS One, although the impacts of the protocol offsetted economic growth, Annex I parties achieved greater CO2 emission reductions than non-Annex I parties between the period of 2005-2008. The results suggested that imposing emission reduction targets has a beneficial impact on reducing CO2 emissions in the long run. Thus, the protocol played a role in reducing the greenhouse gas emissions but couldn’t prevent the countries from facing certain economic costs. However, the data on the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide from 1960 to 2021 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration indicated that the Kyoto Protocol failed to play a ‘prominent’ role in reducing the CO2 emission. Then, were the economic costs the countries faced worthwhile afterall? Dr. Nada Maamoun, in her paper ‘The Kyoto protocol: Empirical evidence of a hidden success,’ concluded that the protocol was successful in preventing a worse-off situation where industrialized countries might have had a higher amount of greenhouse gas emission. Despite the challenges and potential limitations the Kyoto protocol suggested, the United Nations wrote that it ‘remains a historic landmark in the international fight against climate change.’ 27 years later, the Paris Agreement calls on all countries to set emission targets. Governments set targets with the goal of preventing the global average temperature from rising more than 2°C above preindustrial levels. At the end of the day, would the Paris Agreement be remembered as an agreement that promoted a stable balance between the economy and the environment? Works Cited > News News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? 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Economics November 24, 2023 at 6:09:39 PM 00 °c Log In Economics How has the recent surpassing of the population of China by India shown the potential changes in the world order? How will this affect the world economy? Economics 2023/11/10 Share Celine Park India has officially surpassed China as the world’s most populous country, according to demographic prospects from the United Nations Population Fund’s “State of World Population Report.” The report predicts India’s rapidly growing population to reach and surpass China by mid-2023, and recent data indicates that this estimation has come to pass. The Indian population is expected to reach 1.428 billion, outnumbering China’s 1.425 billion by 2.9 million. Due to this fluctuation, India is gaining more potential and is on the verge of acquiring significant influence in the global economic order. India’s population surge is expected to make the country a more appealing destination for investors and companies around the world. With a larger workforce and an increased focus on innovation, global companies will have access to expand operations at a greater scale. The country is already witnessing massive improvements across various sectors, notably in its service and manufacturing industries. Rising demand for new residential properties and falling input prices contribute to this progress. This availability of diverse skills and talents – capable of stimulating rapid developments in financial services, industries, technology, and infrastructure – has substantial potential for improvement and reform. This makes India an attractive and tempting bay for investors seeking opportunities with promising returns. Starting in the early days of the Internet, companies around the world have attempted to outsource services such as software development, customer service, and business processes to India. More recently, with tighter global labor markets and the emergence of distributed work models, there has been renewed momentum around positioning India as the world's back office. Economists view India as a country with compelling growth potential in the years ahead, especially as China's economy faces decline. Similarities are being drawn between China's development from 2007 to 2012, including investment themes, customer service, and business processes. Investment trends that proved successful in China, particularly in businesses and consumer goods, are now gaining traction in India. Global perception is shifting, with many investors and economists envisioning India as the worldwide center for investment, gradually overtaking China’s position. This shift expects India’s buoyant economy to replace China’s declining one in the upcoming years. Ultimately, this leap in investment is expected to set off a positive economic cycle for the country, resulting in job creation, increased income and savings, and more investment. Statistics show that from this cycle, manufacturing’s contribution to India's GDP could rise from the current 15.6% to 21% by 2031, potentially doubling the country's export market share. Beyond surpassing China as the world's most populous country, India’s abundant human resources may even lead to its surpassing China as the most powerful economy in Asia. Works Cited > News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Science November 24, 2023 at 6:08:30 PM 00 °c Log In Science India Is Now the Most Populous Country in the World: What Does This Mean for the Indian Economy? Science 2023/11/12 Share Yoochan Shin (Alex) In April, data from the UN revealed that the population of India reached 1.428 billion people, surpassing China, the longstanding demographic giant. Given the latter’s recent rise to a leading global exporter, many predict that India will also follow China’s parallel in economic success. Does India’s changing demographics signify its rise in economic power or are mere demographics a weak indicator of meaningful change? The rise of population can positively affect the domestic economy–the economy rate inside of a country like its GDP and interaction between consumption and production. A populous country will naturally consume more goods and services, and firms will increase the production to satisfy their demand. This enables active economic exchange. Therefore, India’s economy will rise by its increased sum of taxes, which can then be used to improve the quality of life within the country. However, the rise of population is not without downsides, especially to a heavily divided society like India’s. The country in particular is dominated by Hinduism, regarded significantly for most Indians. Hinduism embodies the caste system, which separates people by social status, triggering an economic gap between the levels. The rise of population will further intensify this gap, curbing economic growth by reduced economic activity by lower classes from inadequate wage rates. In conclusion, the rise of population will improve the country’s economy and general level of welfare. However, the effects of the improved economy may be felt only by upper classes in the caste system, creating unexpected consequences for the poor. Works Cited > News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Weekdays, Month Day, Year 00 °c Log In Politics Huge Volunteer Response in Flood-hit Valencia Politics November 22, 2024 at 3:14:35 PM Share Minji Kim Intense rainfall in central-eastern Spain produced one of the most deadly floods in Europe. On October 29, 2024, Spain’s meteorological agency (AEMET) reported that over 300 millimeters of rain fell in the province of Valencia. The Valencian government confirmed that211 fatalities are expected to rise. Valencian citizens are highly angered by the government's incompetence. A volunteer in Valencia said, “This was an avoidable tragedy. All the regional government needed to do was give us the flood warnings in advance.” The flood caused massive flooding, destroying bridges and leaving people without water, food, and electricity. Thousands of volunteers and emergency services are aiding the restoration process by clearing debris and searching for the missing ones in the mud. Amparo Esteve, a citizen who escaped from the flood confessed how she felt like “no one is helping [him].” She expressed her feelings as she witnessed many people in need of help. Meanwhile, Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez announced that increased security forces would be sent to help find the missing ones and recover from the flooding scene. The Prime Minister highlighted that he would deploy 5,000 more troops to join the 2,500 already deployed to clean up and help with the searches. He called this the Spanish armed forces' biggest operation after the two world wars. Due to the lack of official forces to help the people in danger, over 15,000 civilians gathered to help search and clean up. One of the volunteers, Pedro Francisco, said, “We have to do whatever we can.” The Valencian people's sense of unity is shown in their response to the government’s belated response. Civilians are determined to help Valencia and surrounding areas to recover from this disaster. Without volunteers who work from sunrise until sunset, survivors would not have any food, water, or clothes. Survivors thanked volunteers for providing them with basic necessities and for restoring their faith in humanity. One of the survivors Toni Zamorano said, “I feel that humanity is still capable of forgetting its differences. Here, race or economic level don’t matter.” The devastation brought fears and awareness of the outcome of climate change. Works Cited Chutel, Lynsey, and José Bautista. “After Deadly Floods in Spain, Thousands of Volunteers Help in Recovery Effort.” Nytimes.com , The New York Times, 3 Nov. 2024, www.nytimes.com/2024/11/03/world/europe/spain-floods-valencia-volunteers.html. Accessed 3 Nov. 2024. Doermann, Lindsey. “Valencia Floods.” Nasa.gov , NASA Earth Observatory, 31 Oct. 2024, earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/153533/valencia-floods. Accessed 3 Nov. 2024. Kim, Juliana, and Miguel Macias. “Satellite Images Show the Devastation from Spain’s Deadly Floods.” NPR , 2 Nov. 2024, www.npr.org/2024/11/02/nx-s1-5176508/spain-valencia-chiva-flood-map. Accessed 3 Nov. 2024. Lowen, Mark. ““Outpouring of Unity in Spain as Anger Grows over Slow Response to Floods.”” Bbc.com , BBC News, 2 Nov. 2024, www.bbc.com/news/articles/c3deke3ey58o. Accessed 3 Nov. 2024. > News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Opinion November 24, 2023 at 6:08:45 PM 00 °c Log In Opinion Impact of Personal Diet on CO2 Opinion 2023/11/13 Share Dowoon Lee (Bill) On December 12th, 2015, 174 nations and the European Union agreed upon the Paris Agreement to respond to climate change. The agreement read that those who signed will work to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. However, CO2 levels are rising 2 percent annually, and little to no work is being done to decrease or suppress the rising CO2 levels. Ultimately, the reason behind the stuttered progress to stop global warming may be because of the lack of participation from individuals. While it is hard to convince every individual to commit something new to the world, suggesting changing some parts of their life such as diet habits would be much easier and more effective for carbon neutrality. To reach the goal of carbon net zero, individuals should consume local food, homemade food, and cultured meat. Even if locally produced foods may not be appealing to consumers by reasons of price or availability, reducing the consumption of non-local foods, which travel hundreds of miles to be on our dinner table, will contribute significantly to achieving carbon net zero. As reported by the Korean Import Inspection Management Division reported that about 19,500,762 tons of food have been imported to Korea through 802,201 deliveries. Each import would require transport by planes and trucks, which emit huge amounts of carbon dioxide. Planes emit an average of 1.46 kg of carbon dioxide for every 10 km. This means that a single import of food from the U.S.A. to Korea will produce about 1.5 tons of carbon dioxide only from the flight. Some foods are also transported by ships, which also produce a lot of CO2. It produces about 0.03kg of carbon dioxide for shipping 2kg of package for 1000 km. Therefore, to avoid the emission of unnecessary carbon dioxide, citizens can prevent this by consuming locally produced products. Next, the decrease of plastic usage in packaging can significantly contribute to the decrease of carbon emissions globally. In Korea, at least one plastic bag (more than one depending on the food) comes with the food for convenient carriage and to prevent food leakage during delivery. Most of the time, they use single-use plastic bags. The carbon footprint of this convenient item is 1.58kg, which is even more emission than that of motorcycles per 10 km. According to CO2 everything, strongly reusable plastic and basic reusable plastic have a carbon footprint of 21.52kg and 6.92kg, respectively. At first glance, those statistics might seem like a large number. However, using reusable plastic bags for shopping would produce less carbon footprint than non-reusable plastic bags. Individuals would simply use substantially more non-reusable plastic bags than reusable ones. Along with the improvements in technology, how individuals consume meat should also change. Due to the maintenance of good conditions for the animals, consuming meat emits an unexpectedly large amount of CO2, 15.5 kg for only 100 grams of meat. Also, individuals are frequently more attracted to meat rather than other foods. Therefore, immeasurable amounts of meat consumption are occurring around the world. This consumption of agricultural meats is very detrimental to the environment, especially due to CO2. Recently, several firms have acknowledged the problem and have begun to develop cultured meat. This new way of producing meat doesn’t require actual livestock. Instead, the scientists use cells of the animals and culture them to create meat. Because this method doesn’t need an immense amount of land and maintenance, it produces less CO2. As of right now, cultured meats are too expensive. However, considering that cultured chicken from Upside Foods got FDA approval and many market experts speculate that the market value of cultured meat will be $2.1 billion by 2033 and eventually reach $13.7 billion by 2043, individuals’ obligation to consume them will be very important to reduce carbon emission. When agricultural meats are replaced with cultured meats with the support of individuals, the world will be one step closer to reaching carbon net zero. In summary, a change in diet habits is necessary for the reduction of carbon emissions. Since eating is a daily necessity of human life, it requires an immense amount of resources that emit CO2. Nonetheless, it can also mean that even slight positive changes in diet habits can have a great impact on the environment. Among the thousands of changes that individuals can make, eating local grocery foods and cultured meat will contribute most to reaching net zero. Since these new diet habits can reduce Carbon with relatively less effort, individuals should make these changes. Works Cited > News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Weekdays, Month Day, Year 00 °c Log In Economics Future of TikTok in US Economics 03/03/2024 Share Dowoon Lee (Bill) In the late 2010s, a Chinese social media app called TikTok started to trend all over the US. At that time, the US government had a wary look on this new app from China due to concerns about leakage of individuals’ online data. Although the government has warned the nation about the uncertain security of the app, the citizens continued to enjoy the app. Soon after, in 2020, the Trump government proposed a policy, aiming to legally restrict the app. However, their attempts have failed to regulate TikTok. Since then, the authority of the government has shifted over to Joe Biden and more evident changes have been made. As of February 2024, 32 out of 50 states have banned the federal and public sector employees’ and state employees’ usage of the TikTok(Lutkevich). Some states have even sued TikTok for misleading contents and doubtful data security. At this point, the question arises: “What economical impacts does banning TikTok have on all the related parties?”. The US will experience a shift in platform, at least the restricted population. While TikTok and China will mostly be damaged by this event due to loss of consumers, the US is very likely to economically benefit from local companies developments. The loss of consumers will significantly damage the economics of China’s social media market. Unlike other social media from China, TikTok was viewed particularly due to its globally successful business. One of the reasons for the application’s success is its immense number of users from the United States. In fact, the US has the most number of TikTok users with 143.4 million monthly users. Yet, the US is gradually restricting the usage of the app with legal forces. If the US expands its restriction list, it is likely that the application will soon face a permanent ban from the nation. The economical impact can be easily speculated, since it was permanently banned in India starting in 2020. India once boasted an even larger number of users with approximately 200 million users. Of course, loss of user base has caused a significant revenue loss and change of economical and global expansion plans. The unexpected fact is ByteDance, often referred to as TikTok's mother company, has also experienced significant revenue loss. Such faltering of the leading companies in China and accumulating a pessimistic stature from the world would set even higher barriers to Chinese social media companies aiming for global success. Lastly, if the rumors about TikTok profiting from selling user data was revealed to be true, loss of millions of users would also be aggregated to increase the company’s loss list. Unlike China, the US will have more complicated economical impacts from prohibition of government officials’ use of the application. One possible impact is that it can eventually widen the scope of the regulated population. As stated earlier in the text, government officials from 32 states can’t use Tiktok. This group can be acted as an experimental group to test and check whether modern US citizens’ lack of appropriate time management, weaker data security, recently arisen health issues, and inappropriate ideology all originated from TikTok. If the research confirms these concerns, the government will have appropriate reasons and data to restrict more people from using the application. This would be very positive to US economics. When users are forced to shift to other platforms, they will likely choose other widely known social media: Facebook, Instagram, and snapchat. As some of the readers might’ve noticed, all the other popular social media sites are from the US. Therefore, immigration from TikTok users would support the local companies by adding user bases. On the other hand, the prohibition might not always result in positive results. The government officials are people who are destined to work for the citizens. One of the best ways to dedicate to them is by knowing what they are thinking about their nation and the community. For decades, social media has been one of the best ways for communication between government and individuals. However, once the government officials are now forced to delete accounts, one of the most effective linkages between the government and hundred millions of American citizens are no longer allowed. Since it is harder for government officials to find out the economical complaints that might be necessary, the policies, even ones relating to economics, can’t be made as easy as it used to be. Even within the country of the United States, the prohibition of TikTok is very controversial. While many young people are advocating the application due to its entertainment contents, many older adults are pointing out its substantive defects and negative impacts. It is true that economics should take a substantial part in the process of making our choice. However, it shouldn’t be the only topic to be considered seriously. Many various factors should be examined deeply like my article to make appropriate decisions on whether to ban TikTok in US or not. Works Cited Lutkevich, Ben. “TikTok Bans Explained: Everything You Need to Know.” WhatIs, TechTarget, 2023, www.techtarget.com/whatis/feature/TikTok-bans-explained-Everything-you-need -to-know#:~:text=The%20U.S.%20already%20bans%20the,have%20also% 20recently%20sued%20TikTok. Accessed 2 Mar. 2024. “21 Essential TikTok Statistics You Need to Know in 2024.” The Social Shepherd, craftcms-tailwind, 2024, thesocialshepherd.com/blog/tiktok-statistics#:~:text=Tik Tok%20may%20be%20popular%20in,143.4%20million%20unique%20monthly %20users. 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Economics Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Oil Prices Are Putting Nations in Tough Situations Economics 0 As Putin and Russia continue to show a hostile stance against Ukraine, Exxonmobil has fully pulled out their assets from their Sakhalin-1 oil project. Despite Exxonmobil's efforts to maintain its relationship with the Russians, the Russian government unilaterally terminated its interests in the Sakhalin-1 project which is now run by a Russian operator. As the Ukrainian conflict has caused a major predicament for Western countries and Russia, oil-related issues have also been exacerbated. Although this issue may seem minor, it will be one of the first issues that need to be resolved, and it is not an easy one. Since 1966, the first time oil production was formally measured around the world, the Soviet Union or Russia has always been in the top 3 of oil production around the world. Because of their geographical location and cheap pricing, countries from the EU and Asia have been relying on Russian fossil fuels for decades. China and the EU bloc are primary consumers of Russian oil exports, as they were responsible for 74.5% of Russian fossil fuel exports ranging from February 24th to June 4th of 2022. Although the EU has tried to decrease its exports from Russia, this reduction will inevitably spike oil prices and therefore damage the EU's economy. From February 24th to June 4th of 2022, the EU imported $59.6 Billion worth of crude oil from Russia, which was planned to be reduced. However as shown on the graph, a huge price spike is clearly shown from March, proving that the EU has been, and will be heavily reliant on Russian Imports. Therefore this places the EU on a political tightrope where they have to balance out their relationship with NATO and still somehow maintain oil exports to prevent an economic crisis. The crisis continues to affect countries like Korea, as they partially rely on Russian oil as well, but is crucial to NATO as well. This oil crisis has led multiple countries into an imbroglio where they still have to rely on Russian fossil fuel to prevent a possible economic downfall, but also have to rely on Western nations who are responsible for the country's exports and imports. The last oil crisis in 1973 occurred when Western nations assisted Israel during the Arab-Israeli war, which can be implied that it is a poor repetition of history. The fossil fuel embargo in 1973 only lasted a year, as the Western nations all fell into heavy economic decline with oil shortages. Therefore, if the Ukrainian conflict continues to trail on, the EU and other nations that relied on Russian fossil fuel will suffer unless they find an agreement. However, the global status seems to be that this conflict will probably never reach an agreement, or take a very long period to reach. Consequently, countries that have previously relied on Russian fossil fuels must take immediate action to alter their portion of fossil fuel. Nevertheless, OPEC continues to show its stance with high oil prices and cuts of production oil, making it even more challenging for nations in need of oil. OPEC's statement about the protection of their oil reserve amplifies the damage done to the nations who are trying to reduce Russian oil imports. Meanwhile, Russia continues to discount its oil prices as it is selling at a 30% discount rate 2023/11/27 Share Jihoo Shim Works Cited > News Economics Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Arts Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In The Presence of a Grand Storytelling; Through MCU and ‘Doctor Strange’ Arts Perhaps one movie is not enough to tell the whole plot, and one album isn't enough to finish the story. Such thoughts have brought today the continuous, ever-expanding 'multiverse of madness'. As of today, media that present themselves through a grand scale of storytelling, otherwise known as a 'universe' of their own can be seen throughout the sea of contents. Such 'universes' take the form of not just series or prequels, but a web of much wider, vastly connected media varying in its form, or even the creator of the content. As such 'universes' become more and more standard, the storytelling present within the content is expected to expand and develop as well. One of the most prominent universes of them all would be the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), which set the cornerstone for the industry to be creating these universes. MCU presents various events in the same timeline, all sharing the same time and space. How each event affects the universe is well portrayed throughout the films with carefully planned coherence, providing the audience with a prolonged experience. Each movie is part of the intricate plot that pierces through the whole of the cinematic universe, and such scale is what attracts such a large number of fans to the theater. Marvel's characteristic cookie videos or original humor present throughout the movie would be the elements that Marvel fans can find in any movie, shared despite the changing creators and directors. Now, Marvel has built up the biggest cinematic universe and has its pursuers that follow. The appearance of new universes greatly affected by MCU, such as SMCU of SM-a Korean production label, would be those that are modeled after MCU's global success. The attempts to create a big field for the plot would affect the future pursuance of content, especially regarding how the expanding plot may affect the overall completion and comprehension of the plot is the key point here. MCU's most recent one of the most recent works to set foot further into the new multiverse would be Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness. This sequel of Doctor Strange reveals the direction MCU is taking in order to continue their vast plot, and how such directions would affect Marvel's further pursuance in their movies. The 'Multiverse of Madness' brings up the new keyword Marvel would be bringing up for their next generation of films, the Multiverse. Within the vast multiverse, the journey of Doctor Strange is portrayed through absorbing visuals with a sense of horror. The story now takes on a connection with the Fantastic 4 series and the Xmen universe, which raises more curiosity as well as anticipation. The new possibilities that the concept of multiverse opened for MCU-from a character returning from another universe, interaction with other films, or transition of a character's trait-raises further interest. Due to expanding MCU, such experimental choices were able to take place, with the theme of multiverse present both within the film and in the MCU itself. On the other hand, the new Doctor Strange also received confusion from the audience due to the fact that it was linked to various other works of Marvel that were crucial for understanding. Namely, Marvel's Disney plus the original drama of Wanda Vision was a must-watch in order for the audience to understand the character, Wanda. Wanda's change in personality or reasons for her extreme actions is explained through such previous works. However, considering that such content was limited to a certain platform and that without context, the character's actions weren't reconcilable with the rest of the movie leaves unsettlement. Not only the Wanda Vision, but there are plenty of other movies that contain the required context, such as Loki, Infinity War, and Spiderman: No way home. Perhaps such a list of movies was already familiar to the audience, if only they were long fans of Marvel who have kept a close watch on their filmography. In other words, the presence of a largely connected universe is appealing not to the general audience, but to the fandom who already have the required context. In fact, Multiverse of Madness's tickets weren't as successful in the 2-3 weeks after the ticket opened, due to the limit in the storyline. Apparently, the box office was also affected by such factors. The presence of a cinematic universe is changing the overall tendencies of how producers approach each film, and how the fans/audience must view them. Cinematic universes enable grand storytelling that provides further context outside of the 2-3 hour limit. Such open greater possibilities or freedom for the producers, but with that comes a limit in the range of audiences or popularity. Furthermore, how the plots would complete in the end with all the branches of stories is another question that these new universes carry. 2023/04/23 Share Seoun Kim Works Cited > News Arts Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. 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Economics Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Have We Reached Maximum Globalization? Economics Share Brian (Gyumin) Kim 2023/03/15 Works Cited > News 5 March 15, 2023 In the early 1900s, people born in countries with relatively high income, or the nations we now refer to as the Group of Twenty (G20), had a substantial predominance in the nation’s literacy rate over countries that were yet to be developed. Now, a century later, the country of origin is a persisting factor that affects people’s education, though the gap between nations with high literacy rates and those with low literacy rates has diminished significantly. In 1900, during which the Netherlands recorded around 90% literacy rate, Peru executed a 24% literacy rate. Now, the Netherlands is approaching a unanimous 100% literacy rate and Peru’s literacy rate finds itself around 90%. Comparing the data from then to now, as time progresses, less originality has an impact on a country’s literacy rate or education-- this is a byproduct of globalization. Globalization is “the spread of the flow of financial products, goods, technology, information, and jobs across national borders and cultures,” (Fernando). Interpreting the textbook definition, this novel definition is produced: the generalization of the world in which countries are standardizing to a higher level than before. The gap between nations with a high GDP and those with low GDP is decreasing continuously over the years, forming a general trend in modern sociology. Globalization began in 1492 when Christopher Columbus began the interaction between continents located thousands of miles away. The first result of Columbus’s voyage was the Columbian Exchange, the name patently derived from Christopher Columbus. The Columbian Exchange comprised the global flow of people, animals, crops, and diseases–the first glimpse of globalization. Now, since the internet is virtually borderless, people obtain information regardless of their location in the world, under the premise of having a network connection. The formation of cyberspace has greatly contributed to globalization, by contributing to shaping the globe as egalitarian. When Russia struck Ukraine on the 24th of February, 2022, the world was notified in seconds. As the world is notified of the same information, the knowledge of the globe becomes standardized to a higher level, thereby contributing to globalization. Not only news but also products are imported and exported to and from all nations. Even North Korea, a country that prohibits trade without authorization, imports petroleum, vehicles, aircraft, and more. It is clearly visible in photos that Kim Jong-un, the supreme leader of DPRK, enjoys his ride in his German sedan, Mercedes Benz. Zooming into the imports and exports of vehicles, Hyundai, a Korean automobile company, exports to 193 countries globally–essentially every recognized nation in our world. In 2023, we confront the inquiry of whether or not we have reached maximum globalization, and whether globalization is beneficial or detrimental. Maximum, or extreme globalization could mean a number of things, such as the world operating under a single monarchy–unlikely–or the world’s GDP equalizing to the same amount–also unlikely. Supposedly, as extreme globalization is highly unlikely, it implies that “maximum” globalization exists. While we have not yet reached the apex, the world is still approaching the zenith. The speed in which we reach utmost globalization would decline over time, as the impacts of the factors driving globalization–such as the cyber media or trade–would decrease as such factors are less significant due to more globalization taking place–a similar notion to the logic behind the production possibilities curve in macroeconomics. Globalization has progressed to an extent that we believe this globalized society is the way it has been since the beginning. As mortals are hastily engaged in their jobs and roles in a rapidly evolving society, it is important to reflect on which direction our global community is heading. Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. 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Business Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Elon Musk's Intention of Providing the Starlink System in Ukraine Business Share Jeongwoo Lee 2023/10/23 Works Cited > News 1 23 October 2022 Starlink is a satellite constellation internet service created by SpaceX, a spacecraft engineering company founded by Elon Musk. It enables internet connection in rural areas where the internet is limited due to geographical isolation. On February 27, 2022, Elon Musk began providing Starlink stations in Ukraine for the ones suffering from ruthless attacks by the Russian forces. The Starlink stations were supported to restore Ukraine's disrupted internet services. In spite of the impression that Elon Musk is only trying to help Ukraine overcome its military crisis with technology, Musk actually intends to capitalize on the marketing effects of his prototype and test it out. When Musk decided to provide the Starlink system without charging the Ukrainian government, the Starlink system was still in the finalization process. Only after testing the various functions in Starlink, Musk could commercialize the company's product… However, for the prototype to be tested effectively, a real-world situation is the only optimal condition–which is a challenge in itself to find an appropriate real-world situation. Luckily, for Elon Musk, there was an ideal scenario for the Starlink system to be activated for its final product: the Russo-Ukrainian War. On February 25, 2022, Ukraine suffered from a massive cyberattack from Russia that caused an Internet blackout in cities such as Kharkiv and Mariupol. This disruption blocked military communications, which are essential at all times during a war. Spotting this issue, Elon Musk responded to the Ukrainian government's tweet to support their internet services. From this situation, Elon Musk tested Starlink stations globally. Besides trying out his prototype, Elon Musk gave support in order to reactivate Ukraine's internet system. This helped to solidify the reputation of SpaceX and himself as problem-solvers for communities in need of help. After the official statement Musk made through his tweet on deploying Starlink stations in Ukraine, residents and government officials in Ukraine praised him as a hero. As he anticipated, Musk gained a positive reputation among not only Ukrainians but also the public noticed his benevolence through the media. It is natural that when the CEO of a company receives positive attention, the company gains a similar reputation at the same time. This is the case of Elon Musk, Tesla, and SpaceX. Although there isn't a financial statement that lets us know the financial benefit SpaceX gained from this incident, there is a clear long-term benefit they achieved globally– resolving a national problem. Those benefits include building a positive brand reputation and receiving attention from the public as a growing corporation. Elon Musk's participation to help restore the internet system in Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War has several intentions, including the purpose of helping the Ukrainian society to overcome the crisis they are going through. However, there are several other reasons that caused Elon Musk to deploy his products in Ukraine. These results include testing out his unfinalized product in a real-world situation before it actually begins to commercialize, as well as the marketing effects it brings by building a positive reputation for Musk and his companies. Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Business Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” Robinson About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Science Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Air-Purifying Plants: A Natural Solution to Indoor Air Pollution Science 0 In the cold winter, many households do not ventilate to keep indoors warm. However, indoor air can be easily polluted by various factors such as fine dust. In particular, smoke from cooking in the kitchen is also a problem. Many argue that cooking smoke is a risk factor for non-smokers to develop lung cancer. Lung cancer especially threatens women's health as 90% of female lung cancer patients in South Korea do not smoke, which shows that other risk factors such as the cooking environment are prominent. It can be helpful to pay attention to indoor ventilation and grow air-purifying plants that are good for removing fine dust and various harmful substances. Then, what are some effective air-purifying plants for each place in the house? If you grow air-purifying plants for the first time, it is good to buy plants that are easy to manage and grow. Pothos is an easy-to-manage plant, so you don't have to pay much attention. But it has excellent air purification capabilities; Pothos has excellent carbon monoxide removal capabilities as well as fine dust. If you want to take advantage of Pothos, it's best to keep it in the kitchen. This is because carbon monoxide occurrence at home is most common when cooking. Viburnum has been proven to have the effect of removing ultrafine dust indoors in research. After injecting fine dust into a room with Viburnum, the amount of dust, especially the ultrafine dust, decreased by 70% four hours later. On the other hand, the number of rooms without Viburnum decreased by only 44%. In addition, Viburnum has excellent negative ions and humidity generation, which helps improve concentration and indoor humidity when placed in a study room. When you put it in a study room, it is effective to keep it close to the desk for a better effect. Area palm is effective for air purification in the living room. It is a representative air-purifying plant with yellow stems and leaves. It is clearly proven that the plant is effective for air purification as NASA selected it as the plant with the best ability to remove formaldehyde. At low levels, breathing in formaldehyde can cause eye, nose, and throat irritation. At higher levels, formaldehyde exposure can cause skin rashes, shortness of breath, wheezing, and changes in lung function. it is good to put it in the living room as its air purifying range is over 1m2 in size and it helps increase negative ions and indoor humidity, so. The curves of the leaves are very aesthetic, so it is also good for ornamental purposes. The peace lily is a representative indoor plant with flowers. It has excellent air purification ability, so it is good to raise it in new houses or roadside houses that are often polluted by gas emissions from vehicles. It can withstand more than 15 days in places without sunlight, making it easy to grow in underground spaces. Peace lily is good for removing various air pollutants such as trichloroethylene, benzene, and formaldehyde along with fine dust. 2023/03/11 Share Works Cited > News Science Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.