Politics Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In The Impact of Political Correctness on Culture and the Response of the Public Politics 0 Political Correctness (PC) is a term used to refer to the language intended to give the least offensive to minorities by using it. The term, during the Russian Revolution in 1917, first appeared to describe the adherence to the politics and principles of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and was used to refer to the extremism of left-wing issues in the early 1980s, and mentioned by conservatives in the 1990s. Linguistically, the use of the term seems to be rooted in the desire to minimize the exclusion of minorities and to be used widely in that our perception of reality is determined by our language use. Political correctness has a positive aspect in that it reduces the excluded and gives minorities a chance to engage, on the other hand, has a negative effect in that it encourages nation-unit censorship and violation of free speech. Political correctness also roots its influence on culture, which has a vast range including popular culture, language, and politics. The pop culture that the public encounters the easiest and most has an industrial structure that cannot be without the influence of political correctness. Creating ‘politically correct’ creations is the biggest task of recent pop culture producers and influencers to increase consumers and avoid misuse of their influence. Set in the future worldview, the Star Trek series has been devoted to breaking the framework of existing social descriptions and is the most criticized series for its political correctness while best adhering to political correctness. The original series, which was released in the 1960s, featured unconventional attempts such as Asian spacecraft pilots and black officers that could not be imagined by the times, and since then, various attempts to eliminate discrimination based on race or thought have been positively accepted. But the Star Trek Discovery series was different. Perhaps because of the excessive acceptance of PC supporters' opinions, it minimized the proportion and role of white male actors and forced the proportion of non-white women to increase, which eventually led the story to being ruined. However, in the case of Zootopia, it is receiving positive reviews for its animation that captures the dramatic fun of the story as well as an in-depth description of the problems of diversity, prejudice, and discrimination. The language we use has not deviated from the target of political correctness. The language we use has not deviated from the target of political correctness. It has been encouraged to use male-based English nouns in a gender-neutral way, such as ‘fireman’ into ‘firefighter’, ‘man-made’ into ‘artificial’, and ‘mankind’ into ‘humanity.’ Racist words have also been purified, from ‘blackmail’ to ‘extortion.’ Moreover, under the impact of animal rights organizations, ‘pet’ has been changed into ‘companion animal.’ The person who made the most direct and shocking remarks about political correctness may surely be Donald Trump. “You can’t say anything. Anything you say today, they’ll find a reason why it’s not good.” Trump saw political correctness as a subject of suppressing freedom of expression and attempted to completely condemn it in the United States. However, this rather backfired on the presidential level of supporting hate speech, creating a foothold for far-right groups such as the KKK to be a little more active. According to a 2020 Rasmussen survey, 65 percent of U.S. adults expressed their reluctance to say anything due to concerns about "wrong remarks" caused by political correctness and that freedom of expression was being suppressed. This shows that political correctness designed for public comfort, including minorities, has ironically become a means of attacking and suppressing the public. Moreover, the case in which a culture stained with political correctness is the object of criticism leads to the question of whether political correctness is correct. Star Trek: Discovery's IMDb review shows how people feel about PC-infused pop culture. Not only did there be an opinion that reverse discrimination was promoted through forced PC elements, but there was also an opinion that openly expressed dissatisfaction with the original story of space exploration and thrill, which only pursues political correctness. However, as briefly mentioned earlier, Zootopia's review mainly focuses on positive reviews that it dealt with in-depth topics in a balanced manner along with the quality of the story. Moreover, Trump's election as president even after he uttered such unconventional remarks suggests that countless people in the United States, if not outwardly, had an antipathy for the unconditional coercion of the PC. Once again, political correctness refers to language and expressions whose use is aimed at minimizing the defense of minorities. Political correctness, of course, does not only have a bad side, but its use should not hurt or oppress anyone. It should not be a device that incites the public with extreme use of political correctness, but if political correctness blocks an environment in which people can freely exchange opinions, it should be considered whether it is correct. What do you think? 2022/11/27 Share Seun Kim Works Cited > News Politics Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? 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Politics Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Survival With Surrender: Kevin McCarthy’s Victory Heralds a Concerning Prospect for Republicans Politics Share Byungyoun Lee 2023/02/05 Works Cited > News 0 2023/02/05 “What is our aim?... Victory, victory at all costs, victory despite all terror; victory, however long and hard the road may be; for without victory, there is no survival.” As Sir Winston Churchill once said, survival is meaningless without a victory to certify a secure position in one’s possession: same logic proves to be relevant, if not, axiomatic in politics. In democratic states, a decisive yet almost always divisive matter as elections often renders contestants to surrender as it is the only option available for an unsustainable but definite survival in the short run. Such was seen in the plenary session held on the 6th of January 2023 when Republican contestant, Kevin McCarthy attained his long-awaited victory as the Speaker of the House with a tiresome number of trials amounting up to 15. On January 6th, 2023, the 118th congressional election was held for the voting of the House of Speakers. Hakeem Jeffris from the Democratic party and Kevin McCarthy from the Republican party were two contestants running for the House of Speaker in a poll of 434 (U.S. House Speaker). Republican seats were, in total, 222 seats which are 10 seats more than what the Democratic party had. Since the voting required the winner to hold more than half of the whole poll, the voting continued until McCarthy was elected by the abstaining of 6 voters and reduced the whole poll to 428. Until then, the standoff continued for the 15th vote. To attract the support of 9 far-right voters, McCarthy massively revised his original plan to end the standoff (McCarthy proposes). As NBC reports, it is the first time in 100 years that a vote for House speaker has gone to multiple ballots (House Republicans). The fight is over with a bitter surrender. The reason for such a dragging process was due to some of the hesitant voices within the Republican party which marked a stark contrast with the Democratic party voting for Hakeem Jeffris in unison. Up until the 15th re-voting, McCarthy did not win the majority votes he needed from the far-right supporters – who are known more by the name of ‘Freedom Caucus’ – known to avidly support Trump’s policy including his most prominent MAGA (Make America Great Again) belief (“What is the Freedom Caucus?”). Perhaps the dividing crack of the Republican party has stretched its gap since the pivotal end of the 2021 United States Capitol Riot. With a U.S. capitol occupied by a group of avid Trump supporters and the deniers of an allegedly “rigged” election, the most puzzled to respond was the Republican party. So far, the Republican party has never yet encountered such an extreme event in their hands as the U.S. capitol building was, in a literal sense, burning. This is where a sprout of division is planted to grow as salient as it is now in the McCarthy election. Though the Republicans’ enthusiastic support for Trump has not yet crumbled to the ground – as seen in the 68% response rate from the Republicans who disagree with the notion that the riot was a threat to democracy – it did severely damage the party members’ belief in Trumpism (“Most voters say”). Senate leader Mitch Mcconnell called Jan. 6 “a dark day for Congress and our country” after “the seat of the first branch of our federal government was stormed by criminals who brutalized police officers.” Here, it is worth mentioning that Kevin McCarthy condemned the participants of the riot in his broadcast with Fox News while the Freedom Caucus generally maintained their adamant support for Trump. The riot was the prism to split Trumpism into each reflected section, leaving an explicit political spectrum within the Republican party. Though the Freedom Caucus consists of merely 53 seats in the House of Republican conference and the same in the House of Representatives, its power however remains effectively managed and well-controlled. To settle a disagreement, Freedom Caucus’ action was consistent throughout its existence in the Republican party. For instance, the rejection of the American Health Care Act in 2017. The American Health Care Act, as the name suggests, was a bill to replace the Affordable Care Act to ameliorate the staggering public health cost. Due to a strong objection from the Freedom Caucus members, the bill was withdrawn from the Republican House Speaker Paul Ryan (House Republicans withdrew). Here, a strong objection can be a sign of understanding the prospects of Kevin McCarthy’s years for the Speak of the House. As Kevin McCarthy is one of the supporters in the Republican party for a rectification of the U.S. national healthcare system, expecting strong opposition from the Freedom Caucus is no surprise. What is vital is to cope with the opposition as every politician should rightly be accustomed to. Nevertheless, experts view this win as a political surrender to the voices of the far-right Republicans, setting a difficult tone for McCarthy to juggle between the Freedom Caucus represented by far-rightist beliefs, and the Centre-right Republican Governance party. Even before his start in office, McCarthy already accepted numerous political U-turns in the way for the immediate support of the Freedom Caucus, and a prospect for the Republican party is now held in probability: either McCarthy loses control with an encroaching grip of Trumpism–or not. 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Politics Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Understanding the Conflict Between Russia and Ukraine: A Deep Dive Into the Ongoing Crisis Politics 0 The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has been an ongoing crisis that has garnered global attention in recent years. The conflict, which began in 2014, has had significant political, economic, and humanitarian ramifications, with numerous lives lost and communities disrupted. Understanding the root causes, historical context, and current dynamics of the conflict is essential for comprehending the complexity of this crisis. The historical context of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine can be traced back to Ukraine's complex history as a region with cultural, ethnic, and political ties to both Russia and Europe. Ukraine gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, but the country has struggled with political instability, economic challenges, and ethnic tensions since then. One of the main triggers of the conflict was Ukraine's decision to pursue closer ties with the European Union (EU) in 2013, which was met with resistance from Russia. This decision sparked widespread protests, known as the Euromaidan protests, in Ukraine, demanding greater political reforms and closer integration with Europe. However, Russia viewed this as a direct challenge to its influence over Ukraine and responded with aggressive actions. In February 2014, Russia seized Crimea, a region in eastern Ukraine with a significant population of ethnic Russians. Russia claimed that it was protecting the rights of ethnic Russians in Crimea, but this action was widely condemned by the international community as a violation of Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity. The annexation of Crimea by Russia escalated the conflict between the two countries. Ukraine, along with many other countries, refused to recognize Russia's annexation of Crimea and condemned it as an illegal act. The annexation also heightened tensions in eastern Ukraine, where pro-Russian separatists started an armed insurgency against the Ukrainian government. The armed conflict in eastern Ukraine has been the most significant and deadly aspect of the ongoing crisis. Pro-Russian separatists, backed by Russia, have been fighting against Ukrainian government forces in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions since 2014. The conflict has resulted in thousands of deaths, including civilians, and has caused immense suffering to the local population. Both sides have been accused of human rights violations, including killings, torture, and displacement of civilians. The conflict has also had severe humanitarian consequences, with millions of people in eastern Ukraine in need of humanitarian assistance, including food, water, shelter, and medical care. The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has drawn international attention and has been the subject of diplomatic efforts and sanctions by various countries and international organizations. The United Nations (UN) has called for a peaceful resolution to the conflict and has established a special monitoring mission in Ukraine to observe and report on the situation on the ground. Many countries, including the United States and European Union member states, have imposed sanctions on Russia in response to its actions in Ukraine. These sanctions have targeted Russian individuals, entities, and sectors, including energy, finance, and defense, with the aim of pressuring Russia to seek a peaceful resolution to the conflict and respect Ukraine's sovereignty. The conflict between Russia and Ukraine is a complex and multifaceted crisis that has had far-reaching consequences for both countries and the international community. The historical context, including Ukraine's struggle for independence and pursuit of closer ties with the EU, and Russia's annexation of Crimea, has fueled tensions between the two countries. 2023/04/23 Share Yohan Kim Works Cited > News Politics Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. 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Economics Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Politics 0 An article, “China records first population decline in 60 years”, elucidates the declining birth rate issue that had occurred in 2022 in China. Imposed policies such as policy on the number of children per family are also shown. Moreover, decreasing working population and economic consequences are illustrated. The article successfully encourages readers to understand the need for better political solutions for China's demographic crisis, yet can be challenging to people who are not familiar with the issue. Structure The structure of the article consists of three sections: introduction, “Policy solution?”, and “Economic slowdown”. The introduction is effective as a hook, providing the readers with shocking facts about birth rates that are not commonly known. Having an effective and appealing hook makes the readers focused on the topic of the birth rate, empathizing with the author’s concerns on policies. Moreover, the most significant part “Economic slowdown” at the end provokes readers to remember and extend their thoughts about the seriousness afterward. The two main sections have clear subheadings that indicate shifts in the main topic of the writing, too. However, as each section is very independent with clear topics, having brief conclusions or transitions will help the readers to process their thoughts without confusion. For example, if policy problems were discussed shortly again in economic problem parts, it would have been easier for readers to understand naturally that better political solutions are needed, achieving the purpose of the author. Context and language The writing are more effective by consisting of less personal evaluations as readers are able to decide more objectively. For instance, the statistics are presented without any value judgments or personal preferences. This is shown when the author explains the birth rate issue: “The population fell in 2022 to 1.411 billion, down some 850,000 people from the previous year”. It is the reader's choice to decide whether or not the birth rate crisis is severe. On the other hand, the author sometimes uses adjectives to give guidelines on how to decide. For example, the decrease in birth rate is described as a “key” concern of officials. The adjective “key”, a subjective word, hints to the readers that the issue is serious. The article accomplishes the goal of informing the severity of China’s situation to the readers because highlighting opinions for important points while being objective for most of the writing makes the article more persuasive. China’s birth rate is decreasing drastically recently. C. Textor for Statista. https://cdn.statcdn.com/Statistic/250000/251045-blank-754.png However, the lack of contextual information can lead to confusion and weaken the point for readers who are not used to the topic of birth rate and policies. Most evidence has no background information and context that helps the readers connect the evidence with the topic. For example, the quote “Many young people are choosing to marry later or deciding not to have children altogether” is given without any explanation of the reasons why. This makes the readers confused because they are unable to know which regulations should be developed to solve this problem, not understanding the need for policy changes. Having contextual information would have made the article successful in the purpose of helping readers empathize with the need for better policies for the birth rate crisis. The article “China records first population decline in 60 years” effectively delivers the severity of the necessity of political improvement for China’s birth rate with clear structure and evidence, but may be too indirect and objective for people who are not familiar with the topic. 2023/03/11 Share Yubin Cho Works Cited > News Economics Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. 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Arts Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Film Scene Analysis: “La La Land” Final Scene Arts Share Yechan Kim 2023/04/23 Works Cited > News 1 04/23/2023 In the film La La Land (2016), director Damien Chazelle uses close up shots and pans to portray the progression of the sentiments of the characters Mia (Emma Stone) and Sebastian (Ryan Gosling), who coincidentally met a few years after parting their ways and finding success in their own careers in the scene. The scene starts off by showing the reminiscence of Sebastian as he plays the piano in his own jazz club named “Seb’s,” which Mia named when they were seeing each other. The scene uses medium shots to portray the characters in Sebastian’s imagination of being together, and slowly fades into each following imagination. By using medium shots, the scene matches the overall theme of the movie by making it seem like a reality, as Mia and Sebastian’s imaginary moments that include them becoming a family and having a child are shown as medium sized images to the audience. As the scene progresses, the imagination of Sebastian intersects with reality, as Mia and Sebastian are seen entering Seb’s. Damien Chazelle uses a medium / long shot in this scene at first to portray the two walking in the jazz club to make it seem as reality, but slowly zooms in as the camera pans toward where Sebastian actually is at, playing the piano. The medium shot slowly pans into the jazz club and transitions into a POV shot, making the audience feel as if they are alongside Mia and the other guests at the club. Finally, as Sebastian’s performance comes to its final moments, the camera gradually pans towards Sebastian and zooms into his hand, showing the slowing of motion. This marks the end of Sebastian’s performance, but also intensifies the scene through making the audience anticipate what will happen next in reality as Sebastian ends his imaginary journey and realizes that he is back in reality. The director uses an extreme close up shot when the camera depicts Sebastian’s slowing hands, which continues until it shows Sebastian’s face slightly dimmed with the dark blue lighting of the background. Through the extreme close up on Sebastian’s facial expressions during this scene, it shows Sebastian’s emotions in a more meticulous way that the audience feels sympathy about, especially due to the fact that Sebastian does not show much of a change in his facial expressions to signify his sense of regret and reminiscence of what could have happened. The scene reaches its end with the camera zooming out to a medium shot while panning to show the guests leaving or moving around, while showing Mia and his husband leaving the jazz club. Once again, Damien Chazelle uses an extreme close up shot right before Mia leaves, when she turns back to make eye contact with Sebastian. The camera depicts Mia and Sebastian’s facial expression once at a time through transitioning to each other in extreme close up shots, making the audience anticipate their interaction and reunion. This extreme close up shot lasts a few seconds until each of them smile, showing that they are happy for each other and making relief for the audience and a sense of a nostalgic emotion as the camera finally fades into darkness. Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Arts Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” Robinson About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Science Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Impact of Non-Reusable Packaging on the Environment Science 0 Prevalence of Food Packaging Food packaging is just part of our everyday life -- it's more common to see food packaged than it is in its organic form. Because of it, there is a continuous development of food packaging. For example, countries like Korea have highly developed food delivery systems, which leads to the necessity for good food packaging. With the outbreak of Covid 19 from 2020, even more people have started to use online delivery platforms to order delivered food around the world, which of course requires using a lot of packaging. Good food packaging is directly related to good customer experience, and many stores are focused on finding the best ways to deliver different kinds of food. With the boom of food delivery services, there has been an immense increase in the amount of plastic waste. As evidence, Joong-ang Ilbo has reported that since 2020 the production of delivery containers in Korea has increased 19.7% from the past, which is due to the growth of the delivery industry. To represent the increment as a specific weight, it has increased 92,695 tons to 119, 957 tons. Environmental Issues Emerging from Packaging Wastes Although non-reusable food packaging is important and beneficial for the businesses in need, the packaging wastes impact the environment in a deleterious way. It is mentioned in the ‘FoodPrint’, that these negative impacts vary between the type of material of the packaging wastes, but they are commonly non-reusable, which includes materials like plastic. In fact, non-reusable plastic packaging wastes are one of the main contributors to severe environmental issues. The environmental problems emerging from packaging wastes is not only a major issue in Korea, but also a worldwide problem. ‘Takeaway Packaging’ has estimated that the food packaging wastes in the U.K. will be around 2.2 million tonnes a year, but surprisingly, it has reached higher than the estimation, resulting in 11 billion tonnes per year. According toITP Packaging, these massive amounts of plastic packaging being thrown away, eventually ends up in the ocean floating all around, which is harming marine animals. FoodPrint adds on the problem that marine animals often face is having full of plastics in their stomach. The plastics were found in 59% of sea birds, and from 100% of the sea turtles. Moreover, the University of Plymouth argues that the plastics in the ocean are relevant to the increase of microplastics, which are toxic to organisms. Since plastics ending up in the ground or in the ocean is increasing, the tiny pieces of plastics, also known as microplastics, are a growing concern, as they are toxic to the environment and organisms. As a matter of fact, it is shown by the ‘Plastic Health Coalition’ microplastics could harm animals’ lives, but it could also weaken our human body with DNA damages, and oxidative stresses when it enters our body. The pollution of the environment can be due to the process of how the packaging wastes are being thrown away. It is mentioned in the article of ‘Client Earth’ that wastes, including plastic, are sent to the landfill or for incineration. Through the process of being incinerated, the toxins are emitted with burning the wastes. Also, when the wastes are sent to landfill, methane and carbon dioxide emission happens. Thus, the packaging wastes can be considered as the cause of pollution, emitting noxious gasses to air. Current Strategies to Reduce Packaging Wastes All negative impacts from the packaging wastes are due to the characteristic of food packaging, which mostly uses non-reusable plastic. To combat this problem, there are many companies coming up with different solutions to reduce the production of plastic waste which start by using reusable materials. Since Korea has one of the most advanced food delivery services in the world, Korean food delivery companies have also joined in on the effort to reduce plastic waste that comes from non-reusable food packaging. In consonance with ET News, one of the biggest delivery companies in Korea, Yogiyo, has signed an MOU, Memorandum of Understanding, in 2021 to use a reusable containers, and in order to manage the reusable containers they have collaborated with company,‘ItGreen’. Other parts of the world are enforcing changes even outside of the food delivery service. For example, the Food Tank reported that one of the vegan dairy companies in New Zealand, has come up with a commitment: using only compostable bags and reusable jars. Overall, many food industries are starting to set their own goal to reduce the non-reusable packaging, and the number of companies setting the goal is continuously increasing. 2023/03/11 Share Dongha Kim Works Cited > News Science Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. 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Politics Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Erase Names from the Social Contract Politics Share Naeyoung Park 2023/10/23 Works Cited > News 1 10/23/2023 Politics is all about power. Now in Europe, the right wing–right wing ideas have that power. To conjecture about the impacts of such power ruling the EU, one must first understand the reasons for the rise of right-wing leadership. It's fear. The current social climate–the pandemic, economic recession, the ongoing war, and the potential threat of more severe depressions–has encouraged the public to seek drastic change. In other words, Europe’s citizens want to make Europe great again. Such a scenario has already taken place in history several times: the fall of the Weimar Republic that led to the rise of Hitler, and more recently, Trump building walls between borders. One major characteristic of right-wing extremism is that it establishes a majority vs. minority dynamic and blames social minorities for the challenges we face today. In an essay on Trump and populist politics, political theorist Jan-Werner Müller points out that "Trump's politics are about exclusion." Namely, Trump announced in a rally that "The only important thing is the unification of the people–because the other people don't mean anything." Müller observes that "…the logic is always the same: There is a real America, as identified by Trump, and whoever does not agree cannot be a real American (and is also implicitly opposed to 'making America great again')." A similar mindset is shown in a speech by Giorgia Meloni 2019, the newly elected prime minister of Italy. During the speech, she emphasizes her identity as an Italian, Christian, and mother; in other words, the righteousness of being a majority. She appeals to the sympathy of citizens by bringing attention to her characteristics which the majority will find familiar. In the meantime, she suggests that such characteristics are typical and the right way to live. Governments led by such doctrines may be successful. The German economy grew during World War II under Hitler's rule. A totalitarian nation led by a dictator can enforce harsh measures, sometimes even ignoring human rights and inviolable values, an infamous example being the deportation of Koreans from the Soviet Union in the Stalin Era. With that, neo-liberalist policies, the economic model of the right-wing--including but not limited to strengthening business, lowering taxes, and deregulation–in general, might drive productivity in the short term due to benefits such as "freer markets, access to more products and services to meet consumer demand, higher revenue, and higher profits." Worshiping the free market, the invisible hand (a metaphor for the unseen forces that move the free market economy), might revitalize the economy. However, the critical flaw of such policies is that they cannot protect people with less power. Take deregulation as an example. It might lead to successful corporations, but it may result in worker disenfranchisement if it undermines policies such as the minimum wage. Note how one of the reasons why the unemployment rate drastically declined under Nazi Germany was because Hitler merely eliminated certain people from the statistics. The invisible hand is invisible but also blind. As a result, it doesn't recognize that we are, first and foremost, human beings with inalienable rights, not simply economic actors. What is politics’ role? According to the social contract, a political organization is organized on behalf of individual well-being. For the well-being of each person, we must first establish a community wherein the spirit of democracy and the meaning of citizenship is secured. All of us, including immigrants, and others regarded as the minority of the modern world, are 'sleeping sovereign.' We give power to our representatives for the betterment of society. The rise of extreme right leadership undermines its citizens' values and threatens such sovereignty. We must remember that each of us is a member of democracy who signed the social contract. Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. 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Arts Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In L'Étranger: How an Absurdist Chooses to Live Life Fully Arts Share Wieroo Park 2023/11/27 Works Cited > News 1 11/27/2023 “Rising, streetcar, four hours in the office or the factory, meal, streetcar, four hours of work, meal, sleep, and Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday and Saturday according to the same rhythm. This path is easily followed most of the time. But one day the “why” arises and everything begins in hat weariness tinged with amazement.” - Albert Camus, The Myth of Sisyphus “Is life meaningless?” A question so grand in depth to warrant an answer, yet something that many, if not all of us have asked ourselves at least once in our lifetime. This was no different for Albert Camus, the Nobel Prize-winning French philosopher best known for his literary works; The Stranger, The Plague, The Myth of Sisyphus, and The Fall. Camus theorized that humans have an inherent urge to understand how the world works–the who, what, when, where, why, and how’s of life. Yet what we often fail to realize is that in the grand scheme of the universe, it’s essentially unreasonable for one to strive to not only understand but find meaning and inherent value in life. To this, Camus presents us with two choices. The first choice is to simply deny the unreasonability in understanding life, and believe that one has a deliberate reason for living–in simpler terms, gaslighting yourself into believing that you know what you’re doing with your life. The second choice would be to ‘live with the absurd’, as Camus puts it. While accepting the meaninglessness of life and the incomprehensibility of it, rather than falling into a pit of despair, Camus believed that a meaningless universe is actually an opportunity to free ourselves and experience existence to the fullest extent. In Camus’s most well-known novel, The Stranger (Originally L'Étranger), he tells the story of Meursault, a man who goes through trial for murdering another man. At a glance, Meursault almost strikes as a sociopath, devoid of any emotion or empathy. He is completely unmoved and unaffected by his mother’s death, expresses little to no affection to his lover, kills a man without much reason, and even shows no emotional response when his death sentence is announced. He is completely detached from society–perhaps, like a stranger. Meursault is a clear depiction of the absurdity Camus is best known for, as seen by his indifference in response to the meaninglessness of life. Yet, he is also the absurd man who is yet to embrace the absurdity of life the way Camus tells us to. So if Meursault fails to embrace the absurd, what does an absurd man living life fully look like? I had the exact same question when I finished The Stranger earlier this week. Although I was aware of what absurdism is on a surface level, I didn’t know whether or not to see Meursault as a prime example of an absurd man. Accepting the fact that life has inherent value is quite exactly what Meursault was doing in the book, yet his life was not in any way virtuous or even moral at the very minimum. Was this really what Camus wants us all to be like? The answer is simple. Not really. With a deeper understanding of Camus’ philosophy, I soon realized that an absurd man–an absurd hero, as he puts it–is one that accepts the meaninglessness, the absurdity of life, yet sees the silver lining. When there’s no point in living this life, instead of looking at some ultimate goal or a purpose in it all, it means all our focus can be driven solely in this very life that we are living. Rejecting the hope for a greater future, and instead embracing the lucid experience of what’s happening in the moment. It’s the ultimate carpe diem, it’s how to suck the marrow out of life, it’s how you truly seize the day–because tomorrow has no meaning. Perhaps the 20th century French philosopher’s magnum-opus of a theory is after all what’s most needed in the modern world, a world where it is so easy to get lost in the turbulence of the 9-to-5 life that we often forget to question the “why” of it all. “To live solely with what he knows, to accommodate himself to what is and to bring in nothing that is not certain. He is told that nothing is. But this at least is a certainty…it’s possible to live without appeal.” - Albert Camus, The Myth of Sisyphus Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. 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Weekdays, Month Day, Year 00 °c Log In Economics The Middle Income Trap Economics 3/2/2024 Share Juan Lim The middle income trap is a term to describe a situation where a country struggles to maintain rapid economic growth once they reach a certain level of income. Currently, many Asian countries such as Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam are at this level, each having economic growth rates of 3.1%, 1.5%, and 2.6%, which are far lower than their expectations. Before these middle income countries reached their current levels of GDP per capita, they could utilize their low wages to focus on the production of manufactured goods for sustaining their economies. However, as their economies developed, the wages eventually increased, thus not being able to compete with the newly developing nations. Currently, India is the main nation that has taken over this role with a far lower GDP per capita of $2,500 and a healthy GDP growth rate of 8.7%. To escape the middle income trap, the country needs to find a way to keep up with the more developed economies in markets that have greater values. These markets often involve technology, which needs proper dedication and investment to catch up to countries that have decades more of experience. One primary example of a country that made this breakthrough is Korea. By developing profitable industries such as semiconductors and automobiles until they were able to compete in the global market, Korea was able to reach a GDP per capita of $30,000 without any major difficulties. Luck was also a part of this breakthrough as China, one of the fastest growing markets in the early 2000s, was responsible for more than half of Korea’s exports during this time. However, with China also having a hard time escaping the middle income trap nowadays, other Asian nations that had a slower start than Korea are failing to make large profits in their exports to China. Problems are emerging in countries stuck in the middle income trap, with one of them being low birth rates. Low birth rates are usually a problem of developed nations that have achieved enough economic growth. However, with the economic growth stunned, the Asian middle income countries are facing low birth rates as well. China and Thailand are in the worst situation with a birth rate of just 1.09 and 1.16, respectively. This is especially crucial for these countries because having a young population that can provide enough working force is the key for developing industries. With global recession occurring, the economic struggles of the middle income countries are getting worse every day, further increasing the gap between themselves and the developed countries. To move out of this trap, they will have to swiftly find a solution for fundamental flaws in their economic structures. Works Cited Moss, Daniel. “Malaysia Needs More than Economic Growth.” Bloomberg, 10 July 2023, www.bloomberg.com/opinion/features/2023-07-10/malaysia-needs-more-than-economic-growth. Accessed 03 Mar. 2024. Setboonsarng , Chayut. “Thailand Bids to Avert ‘population Crisis’ as Birth Rate Crashes .” Reuters, 7 Mar. 2022, www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/thailand-bids-avert-population-crisis-birth-rate-crashes-2022-03-07/. Accessed 03 Mar. 2024. Wigglesworth, Robin. “The Implications of China’s Mid-Income Trap.” Financial Times, 27 Feb. 2023, www.ft.com/content/a998c1bc-7632-47c1-baba-6ccd6aaef96e. Accessed 03 Mar. 2024. > News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Arts Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Don’t Hug Me I’m Scared: From Viral Videos to Television Series Arts Share Seoun Kim 2023/11/27 Works Cited > News 0 11/27/2022 The famous Youtube series created by Rebecca Sloan and Joseph Pelling, Don’t Hug Me I’m Scared, otherwise called DHMIS, is returning as a television series. Such expansion in the platform is significant, especially considering the theme DHMIS conveyed throughout its former Youtube series. For a quick introduction, Don’t Hug Me I’m Scared is a series of short videos created from scratch by Sloan and Pelling, earning its viral popularity for its eerie atmosphere, the quality of the production, and the bitter end that brings thoughts regarding its message. Its form of media DHMIS takes isn’t fixed to one category, therefore doesn’t define itself to a single stylistic form. The complexion of the medium ranges from puppeteering, stop motion, live action, and digital visualization resembling children’s education animation, like Sesame Street but more twisted and satirical in its nature. In fact, considering the general message it manifests, it would stand in the opposite of Sesame Street. DHMIS raises social issues into the spotlight through a seemingly naive layout, drawing out a drastic contrast with a familiar layout. As any children’s educational show would, each episode of Don’t Hug Me I’m Scared starts with the main characters, the Red Guy, the Yellow Guy, and the Duck sitting in a room. What is interesting about such an arrangement is that these characters show awkwardness toward settings and don't fit into such an oddly artificial environment. The characters exchange dialogue regarding ‘what they are supposed to do’ in such a situation, oblivious to what must be done. That is when ‘the lesson of the day’ starts, with either a notebook or a clock suddenly appearing to teach the characters about ideas such as love or creativity. Through those lessons put out in a song, the characters seem disturbed especially as the lesson turns to a gory scene in the end, with the lesson for creativity ending with crafts with real hearts, and the lesson about time ending with the characters facing their ends. From the oddly discontinuing sequence of situations and in the introduction of each episode, it can be inferred that DHMIS’s characters are actors of a show. Especially actors that don’t really know what they should be doing. The characters aren’t given the freedom to do the things they want to do and keep being interrupted by other forces that keep straying into unwanted situations. Because the show that features these three characters is sponsored, it is altered and created for the commercial purposes of those firms. Due to such financial support, the information within the ‘lessons’ also changes for the branding. For example, episode 5, where the lesson is about health, significantly indicates the sponsoring. The lesson promotes the products from the sponsor company, Roy's, that are the healthiest and exploits the nature of the program. In the last scene of DHMIS, the Red Guy realizes that they can create their own stories and become free of such manipulation if they go low budget on their own platform, by discovering the process of the creation of their TV show. He pulls the electrical code from the cameras filming the TV series, and the three characters reappear in the last scene in the room that they started off in the first episode, with fewer props and space, but with the freedom to decide. From such an ending, DHMIS manifests the current media being exploited and manipulated to speak up only for commercial reasons and purposes, maltreating the casts. Since Don’t Hug Me I’m Scared was featured as a Youtube series independent from the sponsor and financial support of firms, speaking up for such issues effectively raises awareness of the issue. Now with the new series of Don’t Hug Me I’m Scared being aired on a wider platform with higher quality, they are showing how a series without the financial blow of a firm can go so far. In the new series, the content has extended from a 6-7 minute video to a whole 22 minutes for each episode. With the lengthened time, the series is now able to show deeper into their sense of humor, their gory style, and the unchanged theme of social criticism and black humor. The new DHMIS features the stories that moved from the last series and tells the background stories of the individual main characters, especially Yellow Guy who had represented children and innocence throughout the series. Now, how he would be enlightened to recognize the social issues for himself would be a viewpoint for the new series. How the plot of the series would be carried on, and how these independent media would be able to stand a position in society would be the significance of the new series Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Arts Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? 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Magazine Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Some Ideas on the Influence of Music on the Efficacy of Academic Performance Magazine 0 The combined perspective of psychology and human history has demonstrated the evident efficacy of music in academics. In addition to the proven benefits of music such as alleviating anxiety and improving concentration researched by Florida National University in 2019, music shares continuity with human beings and many other species around the globe. Although music at its fullest potential can provide efficiency for many subjects, the misinterpretation and misuse of music in academics damage its reputation and possible outcomes that could be cultivated when using music in righteous ways. The following thoughts of mine are a short consideration and criticism toward individuals who are unintentionally neglecting their fullest academic efficiencies by misusing music in their life. If each genre of music could be described as a common taste in foods, most individuals would agree that K-pop music resembles a simple spicy or sweet treat: candy or ginger cookies with the monotonous, one-dimensional flavor of a simple afternoon snack. Meanwhile, classical music can be compared to a fine dining dish like steak or salad which allows for various interpretations of taste. Although dishes and music share similar characteristics of the capitalistic subject of consumption and could be repetitively and differently interpreted by the culture and its citizens, one is usually selected with careful considerations for its influence when experiencing while the other one is, well… music. Why would people choose their music without care knowing that the choice would influence their emotions and conduct for a meaningful amount of time? Awakening vigilance from these “careless” consumers is needed for superior development in academics, as many individuals from my observations were limited to certain categories such as K-pop or “Tik-Tok” based music. My mind is in pure confidence that random students drafted from the crowd in KISJ would prefer this “sweet” music over other genres. This threatening assumption leads to my other worries about student tendencies, as “sweet” music does not provide aid for students to focus on their academics while listening. Instead, it disturbs and distracts the individuals from focus through provocative lyrics and melodies. The overall tendencies of students’ choice of music, developed and influenced by Korea’s media culture, is an evident threat to securing the academic maturity of students. At this point, the issues have been dragged out from the abyss, and all individuals can freely see what the problem is. The allegiance of the students must be directed more toward academics than entertainment and pleasure. Just like the Domino effect, a single distracted individual will work as an origin of contagion and influence everyone inside the community. Therefore, these considerations and worries of mine toward the tendencies of the current community will conclude with an executable proposal that might resolve the misdirected allegiance of individuals. Students must be aware of the catastrophic influence of “sweet” music on academic performance and should start avoiding it. Encouraging the student community to be involved in these inefficient and possibly provocative songs is unnecessary and short-sighted. To build an academic community with healthy academic competition, a limit to “sweet” music is essential. To aid the community’s quality, I propose individuals start listening to classical music or jazz (source on the benefits of classical & jazz music). Sounds a bit extreme? You don’t want the mold to sprout in your walls and diffuse its deadly spore. Music is like a spore and must be controlled cautiously in order to regulate the community’s academic efficiencies. 2023/06/17 Share Sewon Kim Works Cited > News Magazine Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. 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Politics Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Works Cited > News Share Yusang Yoon 2023/02/05 0 These days, the debate over same-sex marriage has grown worldwide. Some people strongly dissent over queer marriage policies, while others keenly consent to. Nevertheless, in 2022, on December 13th, Joe Biden signed the Respect for Marriage Act, allowing homosexual people to be relieved of their love. The Respect for Marriage Act recognizes same-sex marriage. While it can not stop individual states to prohibit same-sex marriage, it requires all states to federally recognize these marriages even if they happened in different states. The signing of the Act is an unconventional bill that has given a great shock to the world and stirred up a contentious confrontation between people in America. In the early stages, most people either dissented from the bill's passage or felt awkward with the new policy. Nevertheless, Americans slowly realized their close friends; family members also happened to be part of the LGBTQ+. Regardless of their political parties, there were many gay people among Democrats and Republicans. Even the high-profile homosexual woman in the country was the daughter of the Republican vice president. In addition, two years ago, when renowned homosexual man Pete Buttigieg ran a campaign to be the Democratic presidential candidate, nobody cared about his sexuality. Concerning this phenomenon, it was clear that public support of gay marriage has steadily increased from 27 percent to 71 percent. While the support base for same-sex marriage proliferated throughout the states, the campaigners targeted patriotic homosexual Americans. Rather than presenting the LGBTQ+ right as an ordinary revolutionary movement, they have accentuated the commitment to an institution favored by the conservatives, asking for the right to marry and join the army without considering their sexuality. Therefore, myriad patriotic homosexual people wanted to participate in America’s mainstream. Nevertheless, the passage of the same-sex marriage law was not fully endorsed by the public. The conservative backlash over gender issues has further developed as a form of physical violence. In November, five people were gunned down at a gay nightclub in Colorado Springs due to hatred towards homosexual people. To prevent such crises, Joe Biden has criticized the Republicans for passing a “callous and cynical” law aimed at transgender, homosexual people. He proclaimed the government would assure their safety and protection from violence and the opposing sides. He congregated the value of racism, antisemitism, homophobia, and transphobia and asserted they are all connected, hence the only solution for this social upheaval is by embracing the opponents with love which all applies to different values of conflict. The population of the president eminently rose, after the passage of the bill. Just over 25 years ago, the preponderance of Americans said marriage between the same sex was unacceptable and should not be recognized by law. However, Joe Biden became the person who deteriorated the conventional prejudices and declared a law bill ahead of time. He has been acknowledged as the “most pro-equality” president in American history and became the highest-ranking U.S. official to endorse the same-sex-marriage. However, as same-sex marriage has now become legal, the state's recognition of the aforementioned bill differed. In states where same-sex marriage is legal, the federal government recognized these unions. However, in the case of the states which illegalized same-sex marriage did not permit it. The government accepted diversity and individualism only if each state promised not to interfere with their realm. Therefore, the relationship between the political population and the specific groups of people is observed, forming a win-win for both sides. The political parties can take a step further with their policies to break the traditional norm and demonstrate unexpected prospects for the country. This might be a chance determination as people are inclined to show hostility to the new policies. Still, Biden's case has explicitly apprised the benefits of supporting neglected groups of people. Rather than antagonizing the entire nation, Biden has gained many adherents by risk-tasking. 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