Weekdays, Month Day, Year 00 °c Log In Politics Through a Refugee’s Eyes and Voice Politics Share 05/02/2025 Juan Lim and Iris (Chaeri) Kang Share Syria’s Past, Present, and Future Through a Refugee’s Eyes Juan Lim The Rise of Syrian Dictatorship In 1963, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party came to power through a military coup, marking the beginning of authoritarian rule in Syria. They quickly turned the country into a one-party state, suppressing political opposition and taking control of nearly every part of society, from politics to education and culture. In 1970, Hafez al-Assad, an Alawite military officer, led what was called the "Corrective Revolution." He eliminated rival Ba’athists and secured his position as president in 1971. His rule was marked by absolute control and surveillance. The Assad Legacy Following Hafez al-Assad's death in 2000, his son, Bashar al-Assad, became the president. Bashar's regime continued the authoritarian practices of his father. In 2011, during the Arab Spring, pro-democracy protests erupted across Syria, demanding an end to the Assad family's rule. The government's violent reaction soon turned into a civil war. A personal account from La Yeonu, a Syrian refugee, captures the fear and pressure many civilians faced during this time: A personal account from La Yeonu, a Syrian refugee, captures the fear and pressure many civilians faced during this time: "Around 2011, during the Arab Spring, anti-dictatorship protests began in Syria. When the news spread that a young elementary school student had been arrested, tortured, and killed during a protest, the protests grew nationwide. As the protests continued, more people lost their lives, and the movement spread to other cities. I was a university student at the time and joined the protests demanding freedom." But La’s activism came at a cost: "Once the protests escalated, the military entered universities and used tear gas and ammunition to suppress them. The situation became increasingly dangerous with checkpoints set up on every street. As the military faced soldier shortages, many young people were forcibly recruited." The Civil War As the Syrian Civil War escalated following the government’s violent suppression of the 2011 protests, various rebel groups emerged to resist Assad’s regime. The Free Syrian Army (FSA), formed in July 2011 by military defectors and civilian volunteers, was the first major opposition force. Over time, new groups like Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and the Turkish-backed Syrian National Army (SNA) emerged. These groups established control over parts of northern Syria, including Idlib and northern Aleppo, where they fought regime forces, ISIS, and at times, each other. This growing resistance movement not only challenged Assad’s regime but also allowed individuals like La Yeonu to find safe passage to Türkiye through rebel-controlled territory: "Initially, I was excluded [from the conscription] because I had a university student ID. However, when a national emergency was declared, even university students were being conscripted. If drafted, I would have been forced to shoot at protesters. I had to find a way to avoid military service, so I decided to escape to Türkiye. I was able to flee because there were rebel groups near the Turkish border, consisting of people like me who did not want to join the army. With their help, I crossed the border. At that time, Türkiye allowed visa-free entry for Syrians." The End of Assad’s Regime In late 2024, after more than a decade of civil war, a group of rebel forces launched a final, powerful attack against President Bashar al-Assad’s government. The main groups leading this effort were Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and the Syrian National Army (SNA). They quickly took over important cities like Aleppo and Hama. By early December, they had surrounded Damascus, the capital. On December 8, rebel fighters entered Damascus without any fighting, and soon after, Assad fled to Russia. This marked the end of the Assad family's 53-year rule over Syria. Many experts say the regime collapsed so quickly because the Syrian military was losing morale, and the rebel groups were better organized than before. La Yeonu explains his opinion: “The regime change in Syria is generally a positive development. People can finally breathe freely. However, I am not sure what kind of people the new leaders are. While it seems like a good thing, Western nations like the U.S. and European countries still label the group that took power as a terrorist organization, so we cannot say the situation is entirely safe. However, I have witnessed the Syrian government's atrocities firsthand, which were worse than terrorism. The things the regime did were beyond human comprehension. Compared to that, even a terrorist group taking power seemed like a better alternative.” His words reflect the complicated emotions many Syrians feel—hope for freedom mixed with uncertainty about the future. After the regime's fall, Syrians began to uncover Assad’s brutal practices. Secret prisons were found, and many political prisoners were freed. Mass graves were also discovered, revealing the government's atrocities. For example, reports in February 2025 revealed over 1,000 deaths at a military airport near Damascus, where prisoners were executed, tortured, or died due to harsh conditions. In March 2025, a new transitional government was formed, led by President Ahmed al-Sharaa. The cabinet includes individuals from various religious and ethnic backgrounds and marks the beginning of a five-year transitional period. The government operates without a prime minister, with al-Sharaa having significant executive authority. While al-Sharaa has pledged to form a fair administration and rebuild the nation, concerns regarding his Islamist background and the centralization of power exist. The international community remains cautious, urging the establishment of a stable, inclusive government. Syria's economy has been devastated by years of war and international sanctions, cutting it off from the global financial system. The new government faces the task of rebuilding infrastructure, reviving the economy, and addressing poverty. Nearly $6.5 billion in international aid to support Syria's reconstruction efforts is planned. However, the effectiveness of these funds depends on the government's ability to implement economic reforms and attract international investment. As Syria navigates this complex transition, balancing the need to address past injustices, establish inclusive governance, and foster economic recovery will be the key in shaping a peaceful and prosperous future for the nation. Calling by their Name, not their Title Iris Kang I will call the Syrian refugee Brandon. Brandon said, “As long as I have my identification card, it doesn’t matter what others think.” But in reality, an identification card fails to fulfill the role they want. Acknowledgement, respect, and acceptance are the three key pillars to a gradual transition into a new environment. Then why is it so difficult for a country to have these pillars? From an honest standpoint, the fact that the refugee is different from the rest of the community makes a difference. Although the skin color, language, and the way they talk may be different, they have the same train of thought and perspective. Indeed, Brandon said, “In some aspects, I am satisfied, while in others, I have complaints—just like any other Korean citizen.” If there is one thing that can truly unite people, I would say it is a specific feeling towards a community agenda or issue. Although the common language and culture would have laid the foundation, differences in opinions can fracture a group of people easily. Given that Brandon may have been slightly late in understanding the commonalities the Korean community has been sharing, can his shared view of an issue with other Koreans help him earn acceptance? Do they “earn” acceptance? Over and over again, I’m repeating the same word: empathy. Instead of accepting the refugees, we must go beneath their stories. In order to go beneath, we are not making a room on our side but rather approaching them and asking if they could make a room for us. We are not asking if they could please show understanding even if we make a mistake to them. Rather, during the process, we show our vulnerable side and personal stories to establish a closer relationship. In Brandon’s final remarks, he said, “I believe Korea needs to make more efforts to embrace cultural diversity.” Not just confined to cultural diversity, many Korean communities should learn how to view “the different” as “equal.” Similar to my experience meeting a North Korean defector, who also faced difficulties adapting to a community where difference is viewed as strange, changes must be made. How do we make those changes? This may be the hardest question to ask and answer. Because it will take a long time. But not that long if certain individuals in each community can bring up the issue. It starts with individuals placing themselves in the shoes of the refugees. But in doing so, they must realize that they are not refugees, but ordinary people like them. Ordinary people who have their own set of goals, triumphs, failures, aspirations, and desires. We often overlook how similar our lives are to theirs because of the unique title they have. If you are asked for help due to their language barrier or cultural differences, be helpful. Because if you were in the situation, you must have asked for help. Works Cited > News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. 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Weekdays, Month Day, Year 00 °c Log In RR X CI Workshop What is a paleontologist and what do they do? Share Photo by Lucas George Wendt on Unsplash Share Elliott Boland Paleontology is the scientific study of the life of the geologic past that involves the analysis of plant and animal fossils, including those of microscopic size, preserved in rocks. Likewise, a paleontologist is a scientist who studies fossils, which are preserved remains of organisms such as plants or animals. There are various classifications of paleontology. One type is Invertebrate Paleontology. Invertebrate Paleontology is the study of fossils from animals without backbones. . Another type is Vertebrate Paleontology, which is the study of fossils from animals with backbones. There are also many types of fossils. There are trace fossils, fossilized traces of an animal or plant left behind; coprolite, fossilized feces; amber fossils, organisms trapped in amber); and true-form fossils, unaltered preservation of the actual animal part. A paleontologist plans, directs, and conducts fieldwork projects to search for and collect fossils. They search for exposed fossils and also dig around to see if there are any fossils under the surface of the ground. When fossils are found, paleontologists set up a site and use a variety of tools, such as chisels, hammers, and brushes, to carefully move fossils and search for remaining pieces. These digs can take hours to complete. Paleontologists have to be extremely careful when removing fossils since fossils are usually fragile. When dug up, fossils are put carefully in bags or casts to be transported to study in a lab. In a lab, the fossils are put back together, identified, analyzed, and, if a skeleton is found, reassembled. To find the age of the fossils paleontologists can take samples of the ground and carbon date them in a lab to estimate how old the fossils are. In general, paleontologists play a crucial role in our understanding of extinct animals and plants. Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Magazine Business Economics Politics Science Arts Podcast Magazine Games Programs Opinion About Us Market April Edition : We Need Kids Here A Prequel to the 2020 Election: Joe Biden and Donald J. Trump How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? By Yechan Kim By Songi Chai, Yubin Cho.. The War in Ukraine Puts Children in Fear Netanyahu as Israel’s Prime Minister: Judicial Branch Reform Is On Its Way By Parvathi Aneesh, Jian Chung.. By Eunnuri Cho, Seungah Hong.. Monthly edition : April 2023 From issues of fertility rates in China and Korea to the presidential election of 2024, the Robinson Review monthly edition covers the need of new generations and their leadership in the changing times. By the Robinson Review Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice. The Kevin McCarthy Saga: The Rise of the Far Right Eunnuri Cho, Seungah Hong, Soomin Hwang, Sangwon Jeong Implications for Israel's Economy and Business Landscape Hyunuk Bang, Soobin Jang, Harry Jung Political Opposition Against the European Super League (ESL), Why? Seongmin Choi Editions The rise of AI March Edition By the Robinson Review The new roaring 20s January Edition By the Robinson Review Around the corner November Edition By the Robinson Review Turning Tides October Edition By the Robinson Review Featuring Korea International School Jeju Chemisty Club 2023 Collaboaration Edition By the Robinson Review By the Robinson Review The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has caused tremendous fear and apprehension, especially after the release of ChatGPT by the company OpenAI. March Edition : The rise of AI Monthly edition By the Robinson Review The media platforms and sources of entertainment have opened up a new era of a mass consumption society. From the Netflix documentary “Harry and Meghan”.. January Edition : The new roaring 20s Monthly edition By the Robinson Review With 2022 coming around the corner, the world is experiencing its few last minute tectonic shifts including the November Election and the buyout .. November Edition : Around the corner Monthly edition By the Robinson Review The world political scene is turning tides to face a new year that may change everything. Xi Jinping and Giorgia Meloni’s election.. October Edition : Turning Tides Monthly edition By the Robinson Review We feature Korea International School Jeju’s Chemistry Club students for the latest collaboration edition, in which they discuss environmental issues from microplastic use to the rise of plant based products. The edition points out the science behind newly developing eco-friendly technologies and the future of our world. 2023 Collaboaration Edition : Featuring Korea International School Jeju Chemisty Club Monthly edition

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Business Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In “Inclusive” Marketing of Bud Light, and How Did It Become So Controversial? Business 0 In the second half of March 2023, one of the biggest beer brands, Bud Light, promoted a new campaign targeting certain people: LGBTQ+. Bud Light have put trans influencer Dylan Mulvaney forward upon their campaign and have implemented a new edition with a rainbow cover representing the LGBTQ community. This campaign has aroused a boycott from some groups of people, especially from the right-winged people. The Bud Light Vice President, Alissa Heinerscheid, asserted that the sense of “inclusivity” was necessary to achieve the brand’s evolution and elevation. Among the tension and boycotts between different groups, some experts suggest that inclusive advertising is effective apart from the controversies surrounding the issue. To give an encapsulation of the response of consumers, there are two representative groups: LGBTQ+ and right-wing people. Some of the right winged consumers have strongly shown their discontent with the new campaign. They have uploaded a video showing their objection by shooting the Bud Light beer or throwing the beer out in the sink. Their displeasure is getting aggressive and has aggravated the tension among the public sentiment about the campaign. The consumers did not simply feel disagreement or displeasure with the campaign but further felt a sense of betrayal and quoted "In Bud Light's effort to be inclusive, they excluded almost everybody else, including their traditional audience” (Byrne). The rage and the boycott did not stop but got bigger and the criticism and condemnation turned faces to the influencer Dylan Mulvaney, the trans activist. The partnership between Mulvaney and Bud Light Gaining a positive left media reputation over the original customers; has been controversial but it can be considered successful marketing. Despite of backlash about the campaign from conservative customers, some experts claim that Bud Light’s marketing was successful, in fact, it is lucrative for business. The consumer’s response creates a doubtful point on account of a large number of people in opposition, and the boycott. However, Bud Light was not the only company that has tried LGBTQ marketing. LGBTQ marketing has been popular and highly effective in terms of admitting the excluded community as a member of society and attracting them as consumers. Converse, Youtube, M&M and so many other companies have shown successful LGBTQ marketing and their responses were positive. However, Bud Light’s advertisement is notable for the extreme anti-trans backlash when it is compared to the other companies that also have used LGBTQ marketing. Targeting a certain group of consumers are a typical and common marketing tactic over years. Nonetheless, when it becomes a political issue, people become unrestrained and reveal hate. Likewise, the controversy surrounding Bud Light’s marketing strategy has resulted in the same consequences: conflict between two different groups with different political states. The constant blaming and hostility towards the different political groups have to come to an end. 2023/04/23 Share Jeongseo Park Works Cited > News Business Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Weekdays, Month Day, Year 00 °c Log In RR X CI Workshop PFAS: A Seemingly Harmless Molecule That Poses Serious Risks Share Photo by Carl Tronders on Unsplash Share Chowon Park Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoralkyl Substances (PFAS), also recognized as the “forever chemicals” are ubiquitous. PFAS exists on carpets, raincoats, and most typically, Teflon frying pans. Such substances are also present in water and soil. The Abundance of PFAS PFAS molecule’s long body consists of fluorine and carbon, one of the strongest chemical bonds. As such, elements including water, oil, or rays cannot react with this PFAS because the molecule’s bond works like a jacket, protecting it from breaking. Even at school, there are PFAS molecules. Many schools reported that in the water fountain, which poses potential health risks. Furthermore, there are also some in school uniforms, just to make them “stain-resistant”. Risks Associated with PFAS Once scientists discovered the molecule’s unique properties, PFAS was mass-produced and widely applied where resistance to chemical interaction was desired. Yet, the prevalent use of PFAS yielded concerns. Researchers noted the risk of developing diabetes and various types of cancer increased as PFAS accumulated in the body. PFAS, unlike other substances including sodium, arsenic, and uranium, does not interact with the body’s molecules or cause harm through chemical reactions. There are two theories as to why PFAS is detrimental. First, PFAS has a similar molecular structure as fatty acids, which have hydrogen-carbon bonds instead of fluorine-carbon bonds. The carrier protein naturally grabs fatty acids while accidentally picking up these PFAS counterparts. Unlike fatty acids, PFAS molecules cannot function and protect the body. If increasingly greater numbers of fatty acids are replaced, the body will eventually malfunction, leading individuals to be affected by multiple diseases. Second, another theory is that PFAS molecules, when inside the body, may disrupt the genetically controlled receptors, nullifying the receptor’s role of regulating insulin production. Ways to Prevent Risks Associated with PFAS The existence of PFAS is inevitable, yet adopting certain lifestyle changes may help to minimize its harmful effects. PFAS is most commonly found in food packaging. In fact, multinational companies, like McDonald's, are reportedly removing PFAS from their food packaging supply chains, but this has yet to be definitively confirmed. As such, they are more mindful of the products consumers purchase and come in contact with. Opting for PFAS-free may be alternatives that contribute to minimizing health risks. Another way to avoid this chemical is to investigate one’s local water supplies and to take necessary action. In 2023, a variety of PFAS was detected in most tapwaters in the USA. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) made a standard to control it. However, the control was highly unobtainable, costing the agency billions of dollars. “Knowing your drinking water source is the most important,” said Lauren Zajac, who is a professor in environmental medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine. PFAS may appear to be harmless due to its chemical inertness, yet its ubiquity and degree of potential harm continue to affect individuals around the world. Nonetheless, it is possible to reduce exposure to PFAS through proactive measures. It is critical not to ignore the threats PFAS pose to both human health and nature. Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Magazine Business Economics Politics Science Arts Podcast Magazine Games Programs Opinion About Us Market January Edition : The New Roaring 20s Political Opposition Against the European Super League (ESL), Why? Harry and Meghan: The Netflix Docuseries and Its Repercussions By Seongmin Choi, Hyundo Jung.. By Songi Chai, Yubin Cho.. Monthly edition : January 2023 The media platforms and sources of entertainment have opened up a new era of a mass consumption society. From the Netflix documentary “Harry and Meghan” to the European Super League, the Robinson Review covers the politics of these new entertainment sources and their impacts. By the Robinson Review Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice. The Kevin McCarthy Saga: The Rise of the Far Right Eunnuri Cho, Seungah Hong, Soomin Hwang, Sangwon Jeong Implications for Israel's Economy and Business Landscape Hyunuk Bang, Soobin Jang, Harry Jung Political Opposition Against the European Super League (ESL), Why? Seongmin Choi Editions The rise of AI March Edition By the Robinson Review The new roaring 20s January Edition By the Robinson Review Around the corner November Edition By the Robinson Review Turning Tides October Edition By the Robinson Review Featuring Korea International School Jeju Chemisty Club 2023 Collaboaration Edition By the Robinson Review By the Robinson Review The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has caused tremendous fear and apprehension, especially after the release of ChatGPT by the company OpenAI. March Edition : The rise of AI Monthly edition By the Robinson Review The media platforms and sources of entertainment have opened up a new era of a mass consumption society. From the Netflix documentary “Harry and Meghan”.. January Edition : The new roaring 20s Monthly edition By the Robinson Review With 2022 coming around the corner, the world is experiencing its few last minute tectonic shifts including the November Election and the buyout .. November Edition : Around the corner Monthly edition By the Robinson Review The world political scene is turning tides to face a new year that may change everything. Xi Jinping and Giorgia Meloni’s election.. October Edition : Turning Tides Monthly edition By the Robinson Review We feature Korea International School Jeju’s Chemistry Club students for the latest collaboration edition, in which they discuss environmental issues from microplastic use to the rise of plant based products. The edition points out the science behind newly developing eco-friendly technologies and the future of our world. 2023 Collaboaration Edition : Featuring Korea International School Jeju Chemisty Club Monthly edition

Science Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In The Harmful Chemical Effects of Plastic Packaging on the Environment Science 0 Mankind’s inventions are often double-edged swords. Scientific advances and technological innovations make everyday activities faster, easier, or better. However, darkness often lies on the other side. Since the Industrial Revolution, many innovations aimed at increasing convenience have also disastrously destroyed the environment. However morose this may sound, this is also true of plastic packaging, something that is so widely and casually used that it is hardly recognized as a threat. Chemicals found in plastic packaging can be unimaginably harmful to the environment and the health of organisms - including humans - due to toxic metal additives, accumulative UV stabilizers, and production impurities. Metal additives that are used in plastic production can be highly toxic to organisms. Metal, including mercury, cobalt, or tin, is used in plastic as an additive to increase the stability of the material, add properties, or enhance reaction during the production process. Since metals such as cadmium, lead, and mercury are toxic, they are regulated as toxic metals in some countries. However, they are still poorly or completely unregulated in numerous countries. In fact, research conducted across several years shows that toxic metals were continuously found in packaging (Toxics in Packaging ClearingHouse). These toxins can cause organ damage or disorder and increase cancer rates, when consumed or inhaled. In natural environments, they can easily be a huge threat to the life of countless organisms as well as contaminate food chains. Another highly dangerous component of additives in plastic is its tendency to accumulate without disintegrating. UV stabilizers are used to prevent photo-degradation and increase the lifetime of plastic . Two of the commonly used stabilizers are PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), which show high persistence and bioaccumulation as well as toxicity. High persistence is an enticing trait in plastic because it creates durable consumer goods. Yet, this also means that when plastic accumulates in the digestive organs of fish and birds, it will stay inside their bodies for a long time without disintegrating, causing system disruptions and disorders. The toxic and accumulative additives mentioned above are purposely included in plastic packaging to enhance its performance but production impurities can also lead to unexpected presences in plastic packaging. While it is impossible to control absolutely everything throughout the production process, there is one chemical that might catch the public’s attention. PAHs, or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are naturally occurring chemicals in coal, crude oil, and gasoline (“Polycyclic…”). Therefore, they can also be naturally found in plastic materials, which are made from crude oil. They, too, have unsafe properties, being carcinogenic, toxic, or biotoxic. The dangers of such impurities must not be ignored, but rather considered as an additional factor of the environmental dangers of plastic packaging. The public is blind to so many of the things included in the plastic packaging that they use every day. Ingredients such as heavy metals and stabilizers, as well as uncontrolled impurities, contribute to the biotoxicity and strong tendency to accumulate in the materials. If not taken care of, these chemicals will leave irreparable scars on the health of the environment and ecosystems. 2023/02/05 Share Jian Lee Works Cited > News Science Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Business November 22, 2023 at 3:57:54 PM 00 °c Log In Business Roles of Starlink and Elon Musk on the table of the Israel-Palestine conflict Business 2023/11/14 Share Seongyeol Choi With the recent outbreak of the Israel-Palestine conflict, the space exploration technology corporation owned by Elonmusk, SpaceX, has responded by showing interest in providing Starlink internet service to the city of Gaza. Starlink internet service is a satellite network operated by SpaceX itself. On 28th October 2023, Elon Musk announced on the social media platform X that Starlink would support and provide to the “internationally recognized aid organizations in Gaza.” During the interview, he stated that he was somewhat globally pressured to help Gaza. Back in 2022, Elon Musk sent Starlink to Ukraine after receiving funds from the U.S. defense Military. However, Elon Musk’s intention seems to have left optimistic expectations; it is almost understood that Musk’s play was all for marketing his Starlink network. While Elon Musk, with his continuous interest in support, other professionals from all over the globe have stated that distribution of Starlink would be challenging. Since the Starlink network requires a satellite receiver to operate, transporting the receiver into the land of Gaza is nearly impossible. Thus, many analysts asserted that Elon Musk is speaking up for spreading the name of his own products. In addition, these actions from numerous companies show how they actually produce positive ripples to companies’ reputations. Elon Musk’s effect on the company clearly outlines the benefits SpaceX can acquire. Alongside Elon Musk’s intention to support Gaza, he has left SpaceX with positive gains. Elon Musk has shown support to nations in severe conflict for two consecutive years. Even though his intention might not successfully reach its goal like the one he withheld during the Ukrainian war, it is doubtful that no harm will degrade SpaceX Musk’s post. Not only has Elon Musk’s reputation benefited from his actions, but SpaceX also used this opportunity to spread the name of Starlink to those focusing on the issue of the globe. Works Cited > News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

November 24, 2023 at 5:00:54 PM 00 °c Log In Why Existential Risks Matter: A Utilitarian Perspective 2023/11/13 Share 조유빈 Should people who care about the long-term future focus on reducing the risk of human extinction, or instead on trying to make the world go better in a future where humanity survives for a long time? People who care about the long-term future should focus on reducing the risk of human extinction rather than trying to make the world go better in a future where humanity survives a long time. Existential risks are risks whose consequences are significant enough to threaten humanity as a whole, even leading to its global extinction. For a successful long-term future, the most significant priority would be “having a future.” Without focusing on reducing existential risks, humanity will not be able to utilize the ‘better world’ of the future because they will simply not be alive. There are a myriad of existential risks, most namely natural catastrophes and nuclear wars. The devastating consequences of each existential risk–or even a sliver of it–makes it imperative for us to make decisions for the greater good. Preventing existential risks is therefore also appealing in ethical aspects. Following the utilitarianism view, which supports acts that bring happiness for the greatest number of people– reducing existential risks, which has a positive effect on a significant number of people, emerges as a favorable moral choice. However, humanity also faces limitations. Due to their infrequent nature, existential risks are poorly understood by people. Improving our ability to avoid and react to existential risks through building collective wisdom, technological advancements, and rapid mobility would certainly help humanity to resolve this limitation. Long-term programs such as supporting studies about existential risks and developing technological strategies are also imperative. It is by our efforts to prevent existential risks that we successfully make a better future. Improving our ability for an efficient response in the face of existential risks leads to better technology and knowledge, eventually leading to a safer world for humanity. Works Cited > News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Business Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Works Cited > News Share Yujin Yang 2023/03/11 0 Social Networking Service (SNS) is a system that enables people to form a broad human network by strengthening human relationships with acquaintances, such as friends and colleagues, on the Internet, or by forming new personal networks. These SNS platforms have brought about various changes in our lives, both positive and negative. The advantages of SNS platforms are that it is used as an open forum for prompt information delivery, easy social networking, formation of bonds through sharing of private life, and voices about social phenomena. Freely communicating with family and friends far away through SNS media such as KakaoTalk and Facebook has become a part of our daily lives, and many deem this as the reason behind the successes of such platforms. On the other hand increasing reliance on SNS platforms has caused issues of privacy protection and excessive invasion of the realm of daily life. Not only this, but the excessive use of SNS can adversely affect mental health, leading to immersion, dependence, and addiction, and causing digital fatigue and anxiety. In recent years, studies on SNS addiction and smartphone addiction have been a central part of the psychology scholastic community. Addiction to SNS can cause various serious symptoms, which are very similar to the phenomena found in previously studied internet addiction. In other words, when addicted to SNS, symptoms such as life disorder, inability to stop attempts, time tolerance, and withdrawal anxiety appear, and these SNS addictions are linked to various psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, loneliness, and self-exaggeration. It is quite obvious to see how SNS can be a double-edged sword. Although SNS has brought about convenience and new forms of communication, it has also led to a reduction in direct social interaction. Many people spend their time on their phones rather than engaging in face-to-face conversations. In this way, SNS has altered our lifestyle. So, how can we fully utilize the advantages of SNS while reducing the disadvantages and harms? First, we need to establish a balance between online and offline exchanges. In addition, developing self-regulation ability is essential to prevent SNS addiction from progressing. Establishing a clear set of values for your life and finding productive, positive addictions (activities and topics that you can engage with and give you inner satisfaction) is one way to do it. While science and technology will continue to develop to become essential to our lives, it is important to make efforts to create a more balanced and fulfilling life, both online and offline. Business Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice. Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Business Yujin Yang Finding Balance Online and Offline

Economics Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In U.S. taxation: Concerns about IRS and the reintroduction of the Fair Tax Act Economics 0 From August 1862, U.S. taxation was under the control of the IRS(Internal Revenue Service). The IRS is the government agency in the department of the Treasury and is responsible for the collection of taxes. Furthermore, the IRS enforces the tax laws and handles various ranges of taxes starting from income, employment, gift, and so on. In August of 2022, the IRA(Inflation Reduction Act) was signed by the president, and the taxation of the U.S. also reached another phase with the control of the IRS. However, in 2023, the Fair Tax Act was reintroduced by the Republicans and is supported by a number of people in America. With the reintroduction of the Fair Tax Act, Republicans are claiming the abolishment of the IRS. 16th of August in 2022, Joe Biden signed the IRA(Inflation Reduction Act) to fight the climate crisis, activate domestic energy production, and fight inflation. IRA implies the tax loophole will be closed and the tax codes will be enforced. IRA went into effect under the superintendent of the IRS(Internal Revenue Service). While the Senate approved $80 billion in IRS funding, it is confirmed that the $45.6 billion was to be used in “enforcement”. It was questioned that the “Walmart shoppers'' can be targeted for the audit. Republicans have claimed that the great burden for the audit will be moved on to the “low-income taxpayer” Meanwhile, the Democrats have claimed that the GOP shows skepticism of the Republicans view and the GOP is being “hyperbolic”. In addition to the concern of “enforcement”, questions are rising about the IRS, and the funded $80 billion to the IRS for 10 years. Doubts are cast about Joe Biden’s determination of IRA policy, as the “IRA had a backlog of 10.2 million unprocessed individual returns.” The concerns are growing bigger over time and were questioned if the IRA be repealed or strengthened. Joe Biden has desired 8,700 new IRS agents to be hired, and the new House with a Republican House speaker has passed a bill to cancel it. Above all those doubts and questions about the IRS, the GOP have claimed the Fair Tax Act. The Fair Tax Act implies a whole different thing. Replacing the U.S. income tax with a 23% sales tax is what the Fair Tax plans. Republicans emphasize, by collecting all the sales tax, there will be less stress in preparation for taxation every year, and most importantly, the IRS will no longer be needed. Abolishment of the IRS will save government finance spent on the IRS, and the decentralization of the IRS will facilitate taxation in the U.S.The Fair Tax was reintroduced at certain times since 1999 but has arisen with the new Republican-controlled House, and concerns of the IRS. The disadvantage of the Fair Tax plan does exist, for instance, senior citizens who spent their whole life paying income taxes will have to pay much higher taxes regardless of their current income. Confrontations of opinions between Republicans and Democrats have always existed. The new House with the new Republican speaker Mccarthy, had an impact on a lot of rivalries, and taxation was one of the sorts. Many other clashes are expected: the Republicans and the Democrats, which emerge as dissensus between the new Republican-controlled House and president Joe Biden. 2023/02/05 Share Jeongseo Park Works Cited > News Economics Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.