Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Magazine Business Economics Politics Science Arts Podcast Magazine Games Programs Opinion About Us Market April Edition : We Need Kids Here A Prequel to the 2020 Election: Joe Biden and Donald J. Trump How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? By Yechan Kim By Songi Chai, Yubin Cho.. The War in Ukraine Puts Children in Fear Netanyahu as Israel’s Prime Minister: Judicial Branch Reform Is On Its Way By Parvathi Aneesh, Jian Chung.. By Eunnuri Cho, Seungah Hong.. Monthly edition : April 2023 From issues of fertility rates in China and Korea to the presidential election of 2024, the Robinson Review monthly edition covers the need of new generations and their leadership in the changing times. By the Robinson Review Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice. The Kevin McCarthy Saga: The Rise of the Far Right Eunnuri Cho, Seungah Hong, Soomin Hwang, Sangwon Jeong Implications for Israel's Economy and Business Landscape Hyunuk Bang, Soobin Jang, Harry Jung Political Opposition Against the European Super League (ESL), Why? Seongmin Choi Editions The rise of AI March Edition By the Robinson Review The new roaring 20s January Edition By the Robinson Review Around the corner November Edition By the Robinson Review Turning Tides October Edition By the Robinson Review Featuring Korea International School Jeju Chemisty Club 2023 Collaboaration Edition By the Robinson Review By the Robinson Review The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has caused tremendous fear and apprehension, especially after the release of ChatGPT by the company OpenAI. March Edition : The rise of AI Monthly edition By the Robinson Review The media platforms and sources of entertainment have opened up a new era of a mass consumption society. From the Netflix documentary “Harry and Meghan”.. January Edition : The new roaring 20s Monthly edition By the Robinson Review With 2022 coming around the corner, the world is experiencing its few last minute tectonic shifts including the November Election and the buyout .. November Edition : Around the corner Monthly edition By the Robinson Review The world political scene is turning tides to face a new year that may change everything. Xi Jinping and Giorgia Meloni’s election.. October Edition : Turning Tides Monthly edition By the Robinson Review We feature Korea International School Jeju’s Chemistry Club students for the latest collaboration edition, in which they discuss environmental issues from microplastic use to the rise of plant based products. The edition points out the science behind newly developing eco-friendly technologies and the future of our world. 2023 Collaboaration Edition : Featuring Korea International School Jeju Chemisty Club Monthly edition

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Weekdays, Month Day, Year 00 °c Log In Politics Through a Refugee’s Eyes and Voice Politics Share 05/02/2025 Juan Lim and Iris (Chaeri) Kang Share Syria’s Past, Present, and Future Through a Refugee’s Eyes Juan Lim The Rise of Syrian Dictatorship In 1963, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party came to power through a military coup, marking the beginning of authoritarian rule in Syria. They quickly turned the country into a one-party state, suppressing political opposition and taking control of nearly every part of society, from politics to education and culture. In 1970, Hafez al-Assad, an Alawite military officer, led what was called the "Corrective Revolution." He eliminated rival Ba’athists and secured his position as president in 1971. His rule was marked by absolute control and surveillance. The Assad Legacy Following Hafez al-Assad's death in 2000, his son, Bashar al-Assad, became the president. Bashar's regime continued the authoritarian practices of his father. In 2011, during the Arab Spring, pro-democracy protests erupted across Syria, demanding an end to the Assad family's rule. The government's violent reaction soon turned into a civil war. A personal account from La Yeonu, a Syrian refugee, captures the fear and pressure many civilians faced during this time: A personal account from La Yeonu, a Syrian refugee, captures the fear and pressure many civilians faced during this time: "Around 2011, during the Arab Spring, anti-dictatorship protests began in Syria. When the news spread that a young elementary school student had been arrested, tortured, and killed during a protest, the protests grew nationwide. As the protests continued, more people lost their lives, and the movement spread to other cities. I was a university student at the time and joined the protests demanding freedom." But La’s activism came at a cost: "Once the protests escalated, the military entered universities and used tear gas and ammunition to suppress them. The situation became increasingly dangerous with checkpoints set up on every street. As the military faced soldier shortages, many young people were forcibly recruited." The Civil War As the Syrian Civil War escalated following the government’s violent suppression of the 2011 protests, various rebel groups emerged to resist Assad’s regime. The Free Syrian Army (FSA), formed in July 2011 by military defectors and civilian volunteers, was the first major opposition force. Over time, new groups like Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and the Turkish-backed Syrian National Army (SNA) emerged. These groups established control over parts of northern Syria, including Idlib and northern Aleppo, where they fought regime forces, ISIS, and at times, each other. This growing resistance movement not only challenged Assad’s regime but also allowed individuals like La Yeonu to find safe passage to Türkiye through rebel-controlled territory: "Initially, I was excluded [from the conscription] because I had a university student ID. However, when a national emergency was declared, even university students were being conscripted. If drafted, I would have been forced to shoot at protesters. I had to find a way to avoid military service, so I decided to escape to Türkiye. I was able to flee because there were rebel groups near the Turkish border, consisting of people like me who did not want to join the army. With their help, I crossed the border. At that time, Türkiye allowed visa-free entry for Syrians." The End of Assad’s Regime In late 2024, after more than a decade of civil war, a group of rebel forces launched a final, powerful attack against President Bashar al-Assad’s government. The main groups leading this effort were Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and the Syrian National Army (SNA). They quickly took over important cities like Aleppo and Hama. By early December, they had surrounded Damascus, the capital. On December 8, rebel fighters entered Damascus without any fighting, and soon after, Assad fled to Russia. This marked the end of the Assad family's 53-year rule over Syria. Many experts say the regime collapsed so quickly because the Syrian military was losing morale, and the rebel groups were better organized than before. La Yeonu explains his opinion: “The regime change in Syria is generally a positive development. People can finally breathe freely. However, I am not sure what kind of people the new leaders are. While it seems like a good thing, Western nations like the U.S. and European countries still label the group that took power as a terrorist organization, so we cannot say the situation is entirely safe. However, I have witnessed the Syrian government's atrocities firsthand, which were worse than terrorism. The things the regime did were beyond human comprehension. Compared to that, even a terrorist group taking power seemed like a better alternative.” His words reflect the complicated emotions many Syrians feel—hope for freedom mixed with uncertainty about the future. After the regime's fall, Syrians began to uncover Assad’s brutal practices. Secret prisons were found, and many political prisoners were freed. Mass graves were also discovered, revealing the government's atrocities. For example, reports in February 2025 revealed over 1,000 deaths at a military airport near Damascus, where prisoners were executed, tortured, or died due to harsh conditions. In March 2025, a new transitional government was formed, led by President Ahmed al-Sharaa. The cabinet includes individuals from various religious and ethnic backgrounds and marks the beginning of a five-year transitional period. The government operates without a prime minister, with al-Sharaa having significant executive authority. While al-Sharaa has pledged to form a fair administration and rebuild the nation, concerns regarding his Islamist background and the centralization of power exist. The international community remains cautious, urging the establishment of a stable, inclusive government. Syria's economy has been devastated by years of war and international sanctions, cutting it off from the global financial system. The new government faces the task of rebuilding infrastructure, reviving the economy, and addressing poverty. Nearly $6.5 billion in international aid to support Syria's reconstruction efforts is planned. However, the effectiveness of these funds depends on the government's ability to implement economic reforms and attract international investment. As Syria navigates this complex transition, balancing the need to address past injustices, establish inclusive governance, and foster economic recovery will be the key in shaping a peaceful and prosperous future for the nation. Calling by their Name, not their Title Iris Kang I will call the Syrian refugee Brandon. Brandon said, “As long as I have my identification card, it doesn’t matter what others think.” But in reality, an identification card fails to fulfill the role they want. Acknowledgement, respect, and acceptance are the three key pillars to a gradual transition into a new environment. Then why is it so difficult for a country to have these pillars? From an honest standpoint, the fact that the refugee is different from the rest of the community makes a difference. Although the skin color, language, and the way they talk may be different, they have the same train of thought and perspective. Indeed, Brandon said, “In some aspects, I am satisfied, while in others, I have complaints—just like any other Korean citizen.” If there is one thing that can truly unite people, I would say it is a specific feeling towards a community agenda or issue. Although the common language and culture would have laid the foundation, differences in opinions can fracture a group of people easily. Given that Brandon may have been slightly late in understanding the commonalities the Korean community has been sharing, can his shared view of an issue with other Koreans help him earn acceptance? Do they “earn” acceptance? Over and over again, I’m repeating the same word: empathy. Instead of accepting the refugees, we must go beneath their stories. In order to go beneath, we are not making a room on our side but rather approaching them and asking if they could make a room for us. We are not asking if they could please show understanding even if we make a mistake to them. Rather, during the process, we show our vulnerable side and personal stories to establish a closer relationship. In Brandon’s final remarks, he said, “I believe Korea needs to make more efforts to embrace cultural diversity.” Not just confined to cultural diversity, many Korean communities should learn how to view “the different” as “equal.” Similar to my experience meeting a North Korean defector, who also faced difficulties adapting to a community where difference is viewed as strange, changes must be made. How do we make those changes? This may be the hardest question to ask and answer. Because it will take a long time. But not that long if certain individuals in each community can bring up the issue. It starts with individuals placing themselves in the shoes of the refugees. But in doing so, they must realize that they are not refugees, but ordinary people like them. Ordinary people who have their own set of goals, triumphs, failures, aspirations, and desires. We often overlook how similar our lives are to theirs because of the unique title they have. If you are asked for help due to their language barrier or cultural differences, be helpful. Because if you were in the situation, you must have asked for help. Works Cited > News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. 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Weekdays, Month Day, Year 00 °c Log In RR X CI Workshop What is a paleontologist and what do they do? Share Photo by Lucas George Wendt on Unsplash Share Elliott Boland Paleontology is the scientific study of the life of the geologic past that involves the analysis of plant and animal fossils, including those of microscopic size, preserved in rocks. Likewise, a paleontologist is a scientist who studies fossils, which are preserved remains of organisms such as plants or animals. There are various classifications of paleontology. One type is Invertebrate Paleontology. Invertebrate Paleontology is the study of fossils from animals without backbones. . Another type is Vertebrate Paleontology, which is the study of fossils from animals with backbones. There are also many types of fossils. There are trace fossils, fossilized traces of an animal or plant left behind; coprolite, fossilized feces; amber fossils, organisms trapped in amber); and true-form fossils, unaltered preservation of the actual animal part. A paleontologist plans, directs, and conducts fieldwork projects to search for and collect fossils. They search for exposed fossils and also dig around to see if there are any fossils under the surface of the ground. When fossils are found, paleontologists set up a site and use a variety of tools, such as chisels, hammers, and brushes, to carefully move fossils and search for remaining pieces. These digs can take hours to complete. Paleontologists have to be extremely careful when removing fossils since fossils are usually fragile. When dug up, fossils are put carefully in bags or casts to be transported to study in a lab. In a lab, the fossils are put back together, identified, analyzed, and, if a skeleton is found, reassembled. To find the age of the fossils paleontologists can take samples of the ground and carbon date them in a lab to estimate how old the fossils are. In general, paleontologists play a crucial role in our understanding of extinct animals and plants. Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Magazine Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In The Kevin McCarthy Saga: The Rise of the Far Right Magazine 0 The recent gridlock for Speaker of the House of Representatives has finally ended with Rep. Kevin McCarthy being chosen after fifteen rounds of consecutive voting. This unprecedented event in American history shows that the political situation in America is not due to the traditional Democrat v. Republican standoff. Instead, it is due to the increasing “polarization” of U.S. politics. After Donald Trump’s election as president back in 2016, the “Trumpists” within the G.O.P emerged as the dominant faction in the party. Although Trumpism isn’t just a far-right, ultra-conservative ideal stemming from the current president`s followers, some of its supporters have made it clear that they can be ultra-conservative. After his defeat in the 2020 Presidential election and after the January Sixth attack on the American Capitol, the former president left politics. Although Representative McCarthy is considered a pro-Trump member within his party, albeit with a moderate stance, this isn't enough for the far-right factions closely aligned with Trumpism within the G.O.P. The “Freedom Caucus” faction, considered the far-right, ultra-conservative element within the Republican Party, has clarified that they must be satisfied. Representatives like Matt Gaetz and others showed their adamant objection to the newly elected speaker by being most opposed to the election of Rep. McCarthy to the speakership through their votes, which nominated other Republicans like former President Trump or Rep. Byron Donalds. Finally, after McCarthy offered significant concessions to the “Freedom Caucus” faction, he was elected, albeit on shaky grounds, as Speaker. However, this is expected to strengthen the ultra-conservatives in the House, as McCarthy had to make significant concessions for their support. As the ultra-conservatives gain more power, it is clear that this “polarization” in American politics, especially for the G.O.P., would continue to occur at an increased speed. On the 6th of January, 2023, Kevin McCarthy, a Republican, was elected speaker of the House. BBC News noted that the House Speaker holds substantial power and is the most powerful position in Washington. . Additionally, BBC News also stated that McCarthy might influence the president's agenda, stymie opposition, and lead his party's legislative initiatives.. His general positions are as follows: He supports reduced taxes, looser government regulations, and national healthcare system reform. Furthermore, he is in dispute with President Joe Biden regarding raising the debt ceiling.. A debt ceiling is a legal limit of money Congress can borrow, and BBC News reported that McCarthy strongly urges Congress not to increase the limit. According to the New York Times, the federal government has accumulated a national debt of $31.4 trillion, since 2000 . If the ceiling is not raised, the Treasury Department won’t be able to pay all the country’s bills on time. If it gets presented, however, the U.S. might risk defaulting on its obligations or having its credit ratings downgraded, like in August 2011 (BBC). This conflict of ideas between McCarthy and Joe Biden illustrates the opposite economic impact of the two policies, market-based supply-side policy and interventionist supply-side policy. In this case, McCarthy strongly values the market-based supply-side approach, which aims to simultaneously achieve rapid economic growth, price stability, and better employment. This policy does not significantly affect the government budget. This is a conspicuous constraint of interventionist supply-side policy. However, this policy can result in an income inequality problem by making the income distribution system less equal. The reason is the following. Since the wealthy enjoy capital gains and earn most of the interest income and business profits, tax cuts in these areas will affect rich people by increasing their disposable incomes more than they will affect low-income groups. Therefore, while political transformations generate positive outcomes in the government budget, they can negatively affect equity, which will increase public complaints. The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives sets the agenda for the House of Representatives and oversees legislative work. Member of the republican party, Kevin McCarthy, was elected as the new House Speaker after the 15th ballot. The speaker election resulted over a series of days beginning on the first day of the 118th Congress. Among the 428 valid votes, McCarthy received 216 votes, beating the Democratic Party's candidate for the Speaker of the House of Representatives, Hakeem Jefferies (212 votes). Experts expect the Republican takeover of the House of Representatives will be the turning point of American business. Since there was a rapid rise in the U.S. consumer price index, the Fed continuously increased the interest rate. Although it is gradually stabilizing the inflation and economy, there is massive damage to U.S. consumers and firms because of high interest. However, a House of Representatives member, McCarthy, strongly supports lowering taxes and government regulations. This would change the stance of consumers and firms by increasing their confidence. Then, this would positively affect U.S. businesses as they start economic activities and spend money. From the business perspective, this change is causing a significant impact. McCarthy’s appearance in U.S. politics creates anticipation for a new flux of domestic and worldwide changes. As for Korea, it is expected to bring a broader trading relationship with America. Kevin McCarthy had positively evaluated the Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (FTA), which would lead to the expansion of U.S. beef exports-considering the significance it has in trading. Coaxing the barriers to open the Korean market to the U.S. may bring export opportunities but also calls for competition. Such possibilities create hesitance to greet McCarthy for the Korean economy. 2023/03/11 Share Eunnuri Cho, Seungah Hong, Soomin Hwang, Sangwon Jeong, Hyunbin Jo, Nayeon Kwak, Seoun Kim, Chaeyi Ku, Byungyoun Lee, Jiwon Moon, Jeonseo Park, Sieeun Park, Yusang Yoon Works Cited > News Magazine Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Science Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In The Evolutionary Roots of Human Emotions Science 0 Have you ever wished to not feel your emotions? When you feel angry or sad like all human beings do, have you ever wondered why you are feeling certain emotions? This question would lead to another question: Why do humans have feelings? How did emotions even start to exist in humans? To answer these questions, we need to go back to the very beginning of life. About 250 million years ago, in the region where today’s Siberia is, a significant amount of magma exploded. When the explosion happened, a great amount of carbon dioxide, or CO2 was released into the atmosphere. As an effect of the release of CO2, the temperature of the earth increased, which caused the extinction of numerous ancient organisms. One of the only organisms that survived, Cynodont, was a mammal-like reptile, which evolved to remove its stomach ribs. At this point, you might wonder: How on earth are the magma explosion and the evolution of mammal-like reptiles related to why we, humans, feel emotions today? Well, let's narrow it down a bit more. Since magma exploded, an enormous amount of CO2 was released, and the oxygen level dropped to 15%, the ancestors of mammals removed their stomach ribs in order to create a body respiration system so that they can breathe in oxygen as much as possible to survive. Because the ancestors of mammals evolved over long periods of time to remove the stomach ribs, they began to have placentas, which is a space in the stomach that can contain their offspring. Because mammals evolved to have placentas in their stomachs, they were able to bear their own babies after holding and protecting them in their stomachs. Now here comes the origin of human feelings. After mammals evolved to bear their offspring and fed their offspring the milk produced from their own bodies, the emotional linkage between mother and baby began to evolve. Furthermore, since the ancestor of mammals called Eomaia evolved to have molar teeth that can break down food more easily, they evolved to separate their jaws from their skull, which allowed more space in the skull to grow the size of their brains. Since mammals evolved in a way to expand their brain size, they began to have more neurons in their brains which made them able to survive life on earth, and from those mammals, humans evolved from Australopithecus to today’s humans, Homo Sapiens Sapiens. Since mammals evolved to have a space for babies in their stomachs, and increased their brain size, today’s humans, us, have emotions as a result. And you might still wonder: Why does knowing about the relationship between the evolution of mammals and modern humans’ feelings matter to me? It matters because recognizing how long humans’ emotions have developed helps us understand better about the origin of ourselves, which makes us realize how much the existence of each one of us is a special gift from the past of nature. Let’s now relate ourselves once more to all the history above by using the ‘if’ statement. If the magma never exploded 250 million years ago, if the oxygen level in the earth’s atmosphere never dropped, if the ancestors of mammals never evolved in a way to remove the stomach ribs, if the mammals never evolved to have placentas in their stomachs which allowed them to contain and protect their babies, we would not be able to feel any emotions now. In fact, humans would not even exist. There would be no humans alive, who can think and feel about the relationship between past, present, and future. Thus, the most meaningful takeaway from this evolution is this key message: “Emotions that we feel today, no matter how good or bad you feel about those emotions, are the results of evolution that happened from the past and went through numerous different possibilities.” 2023/02/05 Share Jian Kim Works Cited > News Science Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. 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Weekdays, Month Day, Year 00 °c Log In RR X CI Workshop CI G5 Students' Opinions on the New Gates Share Photo of Chadwick International’s New Gates. Photo Take by Clarenne Shon Share Clarenne Shon A new gate system was implemented in CI starting in the 2024-2025 school year. This system requires all students and faculty to tap their ID cards or keyrings to gain entry into the school, enhancing security for the school community. The newly implemented gate system entails both advantages and drawbacks. In an interview with I. Cho and E. Lim 5th, both mentioned the inconvenience of having to carry their ID card everywhere. If students forgot to bring their ID cards, they would have to use an iPad to register. Both I. Cho and E. Lim described this process as being tedious and inconvenient. E. Lim specifically shared an experience when she was late for school and struggled to find her ID card in her bag, which caused further delays. Conversely, D. Kim and J. Nam highlighted the benefits of the new system. They mentioned that these gates provide more safety for the students and also for faculty members because they prevent strangers from barging into CI. CI students have various views on the newly implemented gate system. While some argue that the new gates enhance security, others emphasize inconveniences. Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Arts Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In The Impact of AI on the Art Industry: From Art Generation to Economic Growth Arts Share Siyeon Park 2023/03/11 Works Cited > News 0 03/11/2023 The emergence of Artificial Intelligence has changed the world dramatically by allowing people to develop and materialize their ideas quickly and efficiently. AI is also rapidly taking over various industries with its updated data for software engineering and gaming. Still, people believe that there will be a field that AI can never handle - creativity - which requires intelligence and imagination from the human mind. However, the astounding development of AI has allowed the system to interfere with the creative market, especially in the art industry. Nowadays, AI can create an art piece with its technology, a piece that cannot be made with traditional art forms, making the output unique and optimal. Other than generating artwork, it is also used to maintain AI-powered art platforms and create foundations for more galleries and art institutions. Therefore, its numerous uses have contributed to the art market’s economic growth. AI artworks are used by various companies and even allows customers or users to generate their piece of art. Google developed an application called ‘Deep Dream Generator’ in 2014, allowing its users to use their images and convert them into digital paintings. It is one of the most famous art generators in the market and has a diverse range of customers even to this day. Nvidia Canvas was shown to the world by Nvidia in 2021, which turned people’s scribbles into personalized, marvelous paintings. Therefore, as AI technology continues to develop day by day, consumers are in awe of the wonders AI can do by creating masterpieces ever so simply and quickly. Additionally, AI-generated artwork has been consumed by customers as it is extremely faster and cheaper to request paintings from a computer rather than an artist. Along with positive responses from its consumers, AI continues to have a significant impact on the economic growth of the art industry in different areas. AI-generated artwork is widening the variety of options for illustrations that people can consume. Accordingly, sales of paintings are increasing and even attracting a new audience to purchase their work. AI technology is also used in art industries’ platforms by making a station that allows buyers and sellers of artwork to meet and proceed with their transactions. It creates an environment that eases access to artwork for the public and ultimately connects people together. Galleries and art institutions are being increased in size and number with the use of the technology as well. AI-powered virtual tours allow visitors to experience paintings and artwork in unique ways. It also allows them to have easier access to art exhibitions as virtual tours are even available online with any electronic device. AI is influencing the art industry to expand its scale, which accordingly increases the capital flowing into the market as well. New job opportunities are also opening up for employers and employees. Art directors, curators, and artists now have a wider range of ideas to work from. Employees will also be willing to employ experts in engineering and data in order to continue innovating the technology. As the involvement of AI technology in the art market continues to increase, it is hard to estimate how far AI will be able to mimic human activities and create outputs that will awe the audience. However, it is still important to note the dangers of AI technology in art. As more platforms that focus on the creation of AI artworks increase, users across platforms began to be concerned of the potential ‘stealing of art’ done by the AI programs in order to generate art pieces. Since AI uses the collective database, as it is unable to generate complete art pieces from square one, the system has to go over the database and potentially copy existing artworks, taking factors such as the artstyle, general art position, and simple recoloring. However, if this factor is put into consideration, and artwork powered by AI technology is worked properly without abuse, there are endless possibilities of the boundaries of Artificial Intelligence can reach. For this reason, the field of AI should be kept an eye on, as Artificial Intelligence is truly impacting the way of living in the present and in the future. Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Arts Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? 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Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Magazine Business Economics Politics Science Arts Podcast Magazine Games Programs Opinion About Us Market January Edition : The New Roaring 20s Political Opposition Against the European Super League (ESL), Why? Harry and Meghan: The Netflix Docuseries and Its Repercussions By Seongmin Choi, Hyundo Jung.. By Songi Chai, Yubin Cho.. Monthly edition : January 2023 The media platforms and sources of entertainment have opened up a new era of a mass consumption society. From the Netflix documentary “Harry and Meghan” to the European Super League, the Robinson Review covers the politics of these new entertainment sources and their impacts. By the Robinson Review Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice. The Kevin McCarthy Saga: The Rise of the Far Right Eunnuri Cho, Seungah Hong, Soomin Hwang, Sangwon Jeong Implications for Israel's Economy and Business Landscape Hyunuk Bang, Soobin Jang, Harry Jung Political Opposition Against the European Super League (ESL), Why? Seongmin Choi Editions The rise of AI March Edition By the Robinson Review The new roaring 20s January Edition By the Robinson Review Around the corner November Edition By the Robinson Review Turning Tides October Edition By the Robinson Review Featuring Korea International School Jeju Chemisty Club 2023 Collaboaration Edition By the Robinson Review By the Robinson Review The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has caused tremendous fear and apprehension, especially after the release of ChatGPT by the company OpenAI. March Edition : The rise of AI Monthly edition By the Robinson Review The media platforms and sources of entertainment have opened up a new era of a mass consumption society. From the Netflix documentary “Harry and Meghan”.. January Edition : The new roaring 20s Monthly edition By the Robinson Review With 2022 coming around the corner, the world is experiencing its few last minute tectonic shifts including the November Election and the buyout .. November Edition : Around the corner Monthly edition By the Robinson Review The world political scene is turning tides to face a new year that may change everything. Xi Jinping and Giorgia Meloni’s election.. October Edition : Turning Tides Monthly edition By the Robinson Review We feature Korea International School Jeju’s Chemistry Club students for the latest collaboration edition, in which they discuss environmental issues from microplastic use to the rise of plant based products. The edition points out the science behind newly developing eco-friendly technologies and the future of our world. 2023 Collaboaration Edition : Featuring Korea International School Jeju Chemisty Club Monthly edition

Science Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In The Harmful Chemical Effects of Plastic Packaging on the Environment Science 0 Mankind’s inventions are often double-edged swords. Scientific advances and technological innovations make everyday activities faster, easier, or better. However, darkness often lies on the other side. Since the Industrial Revolution, many innovations aimed at increasing convenience have also disastrously destroyed the environment. However morose this may sound, this is also true of plastic packaging, something that is so widely and casually used that it is hardly recognized as a threat. Chemicals found in plastic packaging can be unimaginably harmful to the environment and the health of organisms - including humans - due to toxic metal additives, accumulative UV stabilizers, and production impurities. Metal additives that are used in plastic production can be highly toxic to organisms. Metal, including mercury, cobalt, or tin, is used in plastic as an additive to increase the stability of the material, add properties, or enhance reaction during the production process. Since metals such as cadmium, lead, and mercury are toxic, they are regulated as toxic metals in some countries. However, they are still poorly or completely unregulated in numerous countries. In fact, research conducted across several years shows that toxic metals were continuously found in packaging (Toxics in Packaging ClearingHouse). These toxins can cause organ damage or disorder and increase cancer rates, when consumed or inhaled. In natural environments, they can easily be a huge threat to the life of countless organisms as well as contaminate food chains. Another highly dangerous component of additives in plastic is its tendency to accumulate without disintegrating. UV stabilizers are used to prevent photo-degradation and increase the lifetime of plastic . Two of the commonly used stabilizers are PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), which show high persistence and bioaccumulation as well as toxicity. High persistence is an enticing trait in plastic because it creates durable consumer goods. Yet, this also means that when plastic accumulates in the digestive organs of fish and birds, it will stay inside their bodies for a long time without disintegrating, causing system disruptions and disorders. The toxic and accumulative additives mentioned above are purposely included in plastic packaging to enhance its performance but production impurities can also lead to unexpected presences in plastic packaging. While it is impossible to control absolutely everything throughout the production process, there is one chemical that might catch the public’s attention. PAHs, or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are naturally occurring chemicals in coal, crude oil, and gasoline (“Polycyclic…”). Therefore, they can also be naturally found in plastic materials, which are made from crude oil. They, too, have unsafe properties, being carcinogenic, toxic, or biotoxic. The dangers of such impurities must not be ignored, but rather considered as an additional factor of the environmental dangers of plastic packaging. The public is blind to so many of the things included in the plastic packaging that they use every day. Ingredients such as heavy metals and stabilizers, as well as uncontrolled impurities, contribute to the biotoxicity and strong tendency to accumulate in the materials. If not taken care of, these chemicals will leave irreparable scars on the health of the environment and ecosystems. 2023/02/05 Share Jian Lee Works Cited > News Science Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Business November 22, 2023 at 3:57:54 PM 00 °c Log In Business Roles of Starlink and Elon Musk on the table of the Israel-Palestine conflict Business 2023/11/14 Share Seongyeol Choi With the recent outbreak of the Israel-Palestine conflict, the space exploration technology corporation owned by Elonmusk, SpaceX, has responded by showing interest in providing Starlink internet service to the city of Gaza. Starlink internet service is a satellite network operated by SpaceX itself. On 28th October 2023, Elon Musk announced on the social media platform X that Starlink would support and provide to the “internationally recognized aid organizations in Gaza.” During the interview, he stated that he was somewhat globally pressured to help Gaza. Back in 2022, Elon Musk sent Starlink to Ukraine after receiving funds from the U.S. defense Military. However, Elon Musk’s intention seems to have left optimistic expectations; it is almost understood that Musk’s play was all for marketing his Starlink network. While Elon Musk, with his continuous interest in support, other professionals from all over the globe have stated that distribution of Starlink would be challenging. Since the Starlink network requires a satellite receiver to operate, transporting the receiver into the land of Gaza is nearly impossible. Thus, many analysts asserted that Elon Musk is speaking up for spreading the name of his own products. In addition, these actions from numerous companies show how they actually produce positive ripples to companies’ reputations. Elon Musk’s effect on the company clearly outlines the benefits SpaceX can acquire. Alongside Elon Musk’s intention to support Gaza, he has left SpaceX with positive gains. Elon Musk has shown support to nations in severe conflict for two consecutive years. Even though his intention might not successfully reach its goal like the one he withheld during the Ukrainian war, it is doubtful that no harm will degrade SpaceX Musk’s post. Not only has Elon Musk’s reputation benefited from his actions, but SpaceX also used this opportunity to spread the name of Starlink to those focusing on the issue of the globe. Works Cited > News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

November 24, 2023 at 5:00:54 PM 00 °c Log In Why Existential Risks Matter: A Utilitarian Perspective 2023/11/13 Share 조유빈 Should people who care about the long-term future focus on reducing the risk of human extinction, or instead on trying to make the world go better in a future where humanity survives for a long time? People who care about the long-term future should focus on reducing the risk of human extinction rather than trying to make the world go better in a future where humanity survives a long time. Existential risks are risks whose consequences are significant enough to threaten humanity as a whole, even leading to its global extinction. For a successful long-term future, the most significant priority would be “having a future.” Without focusing on reducing existential risks, humanity will not be able to utilize the ‘better world’ of the future because they will simply not be alive. There are a myriad of existential risks, most namely natural catastrophes and nuclear wars. The devastating consequences of each existential risk–or even a sliver of it–makes it imperative for us to make decisions for the greater good. Preventing existential risks is therefore also appealing in ethical aspects. Following the utilitarianism view, which supports acts that bring happiness for the greatest number of people– reducing existential risks, which has a positive effect on a significant number of people, emerges as a favorable moral choice. However, humanity also faces limitations. Due to their infrequent nature, existential risks are poorly understood by people. Improving our ability to avoid and react to existential risks through building collective wisdom, technological advancements, and rapid mobility would certainly help humanity to resolve this limitation. Long-term programs such as supporting studies about existential risks and developing technological strategies are also imperative. It is by our efforts to prevent existential risks that we successfully make a better future. Improving our ability for an efficient response in the face of existential risks leads to better technology and knowledge, eventually leading to a safer world for humanity. Works Cited > News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.