Opinion Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Works Cited > News Share Sieeun Rhee 2023/04/23 4 Vox’s documentary “Do I Want Kids?” discusses the different factors that impact a person’s, especially a woman’s, decision to have children based on interpreting various types of statistical data that helps the audience understand how having children will affect their lives, healths, and careers. It opens a new, more personal window to approaching the recent low fertility rate crisis by embracing the complex nature of the question “Do I want kids?”, successfully achieving its intended purpose of informing the audience of the various implications of having children using an appropriate blend of data and evaluation. The documentary begins with short interview clips of heterosexual and LGBTQIA+ adults with the host, where the interviewees each talk about their decision to have or not have children. While the majority of them say that they are happy with their final decisions and current lives, some of them say they are not. These diverse perspectives effectively illustrate that the question of having children can be a dilemma and that the decision-making process is unique to each individual based on their personal values and beliefs. What makes Vox’s documentary effective is its use of statistical data that is unfamiliar to the general audience. For example, the host introduces the “happiness gap” data, which shows that in many countries, including the U.S., people with children are generally unhappier than people without, and an expert discusses the possible causes of this trend. The “happiness gap” data is not common knowledge among the general public and provides a rather shocking insight for childless adults into the world of parenting. For the purpose of informing, using facts is a compelling way to allow the audience a more thorough understanding of what it might be like to be a parent – especially for non-parents since they lack the experience. However as the hosts evaluate the significance of the data presented, the documentary loses its objectivity, making it seem like Vox is trying to discourage people from having children. This undermines the main objective of the documentary because instead of informing the audience with unbiased information, the hosts’ evaluation of the data puts having children in a negative light. After discussing the career data, showing how having children greatly impacts a female spouse’s earnings, the host, Cleo Abram, says, “...the fertility data tells you that [it is] probably the safer choice to have kids on the earlier side, and the career data implies you might take less of a hit if you have kids later, which is a little frustrating,” leaving the audience to wonder, “then is it better to not have kids at all?”. Additionally, the documentary fails to address the low fertility rate crisis as a major social issue or develop concern and awareness over it. Approaching the parenting dilemma strictly as a personal matter, the documentary does not discuss the devastating consequences that the low fertility rate crisis can have on societies around the world. To a large extent, however, the data presented in the documentary is accurate as they are discussed by experts in the field and allows the audience to realize why fertility rates are crashing: data reveals that parents are generally unhappier and earn less, so it makes sense that no one wants to have kids. The overall structure and information in the documentary allow it to successfully inform the audience of the various implications of having a child and hopefully help them in their own decision-making process. Opinion Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? 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Economics November 24, 2023 at 6:10:09 PM 00 °c Log In Economics India’s enthroning from China: The Next Emerging Economic Powerhouse Economics 2023/11/12 Share Chaeeun Lee (Jessica) April 2023 marks a timeline in global society where the global order of two Asian countries shifted massively. India has surpassed China in its total estimated population, taking the crown for the most populous country in the world. China’s eventual decline in population growth has been documented ever since the “one-child-policy” of the 1980s that restricted Chinese couples from having more than one child. The policy, applied in an effort to grow China’s economy, drastically reduced the country’s birth rates. This trend has remained even after the abolishment of the policy, with the birth rate continuing to plunge with 1.2 babies per woman in 2022, while the elderly population swelled. (VOA News) Meanwhile, India’s population has met its all-time-high, because in contrast to the steady decline of birth rates, the South Asian country’s fertility rates reached replacement levels of over 2, meaning its population rate is sustained.(NPR) What this actually means for the two highest populated countries is that one is expecting an emerging labor superforce, while the latter grapples with a weakening one. The ramifications of this demographic change, however, extends above numeral rankings. Previously, as China had the largest number of working middle-aged demographics, it was the largest contributor to the global markets. For the labor market, numerous foreign firms depended on Chinese labor to manufacture their goods, while also a pool of consumers purchased imported goods from abroad. Moreover, China has embedded itself deeply into the global supply chain through its inexpensive rural workforce. As the Covid-19 pandemic demonstrated, a cut off from China’s labor-based manufacturing led to a shortage of goods such as autochips for automobiles, akin to a “famine”. (The Wall Street Journal) Thus, a decrease in China's cheap labor will lead to certain products being more expensive. India’s ascent as the world’s largest workforce, however, will present a mostly distinct scenario from China’s. As their workforce is young, thriving and educated, making it unable to directly substitute China's cheap manufacturing force. India is expected to keep its economy growing, with an active working population, as shown by a leaping 7.2% growth from 2022-3.(PIB) This economic superpower will allow them to play a more critical role in global affairs. Thus, as India affirms its status as the next economic powerhouse, it is expected to gain the capacity to influence international agendas, diplomatic agreements, and contribute to the economy’s dynamics with its sheer size of the workforce. signify a pivotal moment in global dynamics, with India surpassing China as the world's most populous country. The consequences of China's long-standing one-child policy are evident in its declining population growth, impacting its labor force and global economic contributions. Meanwhile, India's burgeoning population, characterized by youth, vitality, and education, positions it as a distinct economic powerhouse, poised to exert influence on international affairs and contribute significantly to the global economy in the years to come. To conclude, the coming years will signify a pivotal change in global dynamics, as China’s cheap workforce dwindles, directly contributing to the increase in prices and affordability of vital manufactured products. Meanwhile India’s rise as the next major workforce will mark a change in global economics dynamics, being the next decision-maker for foreign markets. Works Cited > News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? 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Weekdays, Month Day, Year 00 °c Log In Economics The Decline of Luxury Brands Economics November 22, 2024 at 3:05:06 PM Share Juan Lim LVMH’s CEO, Bernard Arnault, dropped from first to fifth in the ranking of the world’s richest people in September 2024. As the world’s largest luxury goods company, LVMH owns prestigious brands such as Louis Vuitton, Christian Dior, Celine, Kenzo, and Givenchy. Arnault’s decline in wealth stemmed from a 20% drop in LVMH’s stock price, reducing his net worth to $54 billion. After peaking in March 2024, LVMH’s stock prices fell, primarily due to declining revenue in its wine division. This trend is not exclusive to LVMH. Burberry, the British luxury fashion house, experienced a 70% drop in its stock price after announcing a 30% decline in annual revenue. As a result, Burberry was removed from the U.K.’s FTSE 100 (Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index) and is considering job cuts. Similarly, Kering, the world’s second-largest luxury goods company—home to brands like Gucci, Saint Laurent, Bottega Veneta, and Balenciaga—also faced a 70% stock price drop. One major cause of these revenue declines is China’s economic recession. China accounts for one-third of the world's luxury goods sales, but the country’s stagnating growth rate—compounded by falling real estate prices and high unemployment rates—has significantly weakened the Chinese consumer’s purchasing power. Another factor is the rapid price increase for luxury goods since 2019. In response to growing demand, European brands have raised prices by more than 50%. For popular products, the hikes were even steeper, for instance, the price of Channel’s Classic Medium Flap Bag soared by 90%. These increases have alienated middle-class consumers, who are the primary target customers for these brands, rather than the upper class. Luxury brands that cater exclusively to the upper class, such as Ferrari, Hermès, and Prada, remain unaffected by these trends. Their resilience underscores the role of the middle class’s declining purchasing power as the main driver of revenue decreases for mid-tier luxury brands. Additionally, controversy over production costs has tarnished the image of some luxury products. Dior, for instance, faced allegations in an Italian court for worker exploitation, with claims that one of its products—retailing at €2600 —had a production cost of just €53. To adapt, some luxury brands are slowly reducing prices. Burberry cut the price of the Knight handbag by 22%, and Yves Saint Laurent lowered the price of its Loulou bag by 10%. Another emerging strategy is the production of cheaper mini-handbags. If you are considering purchasing a luxury product, it might be worth waiting—prices could continue to drop. Works Cited Bacon, Alexandra. “Luxury Brands Are Slashing Prices in China.” Business Insider, Business Insider, 18 July 2024, www.businessinsider.com/luxury-brands-slash-prices-in-china-burberry-marc-jacobs-2024-7. Gapper, John. “The Luxury Industry Is Falling from Its Elevated Heights.” Financial Times, Financial Times, 26 July 2024, www.ft.com/content/b2649668-5320-4ede-9cc3-03af2ffee1db. Gilchrist, Karen. “Burberry’s FTSE Relegation Confirms a Long Fall from Grace for the Luxury Fashion Icon.” CNBC, CNBC, 5 Sept. 2024, www.cnbc.com/2024/09/04/burberry-british-luxury-retailer-ftse-100-relegation.html. Lake, Sydney. “Bernard Arnault Plummets down the List of World’s Richest Men after a $54 Billion Collapse.” Fortune, Fortune, 24 Sept. 2024, fortune.com/2024/09/24/bernard-arnault-richest-man/. Parodi, Emilo. “Exclusive: Italian Prosecutors Probing Supply Chain of around a Dozen Fashion Brands | Reuters.” Reuters, Reuters, 12 June 2024, www.reuters.com/markets/europe/italian-prosecutors-probing-supply-chain-around-dozen-more-fashion-brands-source-2024-06-11/. > News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. 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Science November 24, 2023 at 6:06:36 PM 00 °c Log In Science Changes in world order and economy caused by surpassing China by India in population Science 2023/11/12 Share Yuju Jang Recently, India overtook China as the world’s most populous country. India’s population has been showing an upward trend for quite a long time, while China’s population has shown a downward trajectory for a few decades. As India's population grows, factors such as investing in health, education for new children, and the well-being of older people have become essential. This affects the money that flows inside the country, changing the sources money will be used in. Most importantly, the Indian population will bring several changes to world order and the economy. In the field of world trade systems, as India surpassed China due to increased population, it could lead India to become a center of international trade negotiations and meetings, affecting the global trading system. With this increased economic power, the Indian economy will be much more robust and significant, especially for the consumer market. This enlarged consumer market would appeal to numerous companies worldwide, who are seeking chances to grow themselves in India’s large economic markets. This influx of foreign corporations could make the Indian economy stronger and lead it to play an even more significant role in global economic policies and international organizations. Also, when investors look for opportunities in many countries, they tend to consider market size as important. Therefore, India’s immense population and growing industries would attract many investors from all around the world and influence global capital flows. So, the global capital flows would lead to India rather than China. This would strengthen India and attract multinational corporations, not only in economics but also in other fields. Surpassing China would lead many more countries and global businesses to expand or start their operations in India as they want to make space for new appealing sites. Hence, the change in population ranking from China to India would affect the world economy by reshaping global economics, trading systems, and more. This is just an assumption of what changes could be made, but it can certainly become true by shaping global economies. 1 Works Cited > News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Opinion Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Works Cited > News Share Hyundo Jung 2023/03/11 3 Despite being one of the oldest scientific series, The Dune is one of the most complicated novel series that I have ever read. The character and story are complex, but the message is so ambiguous and mysterious at the same time. After reading the novel, I asked why Frank Herbert wrote this novel series and what message he intended. The idea of time (past, present, future), life, and religion in the Dune series were intertwined. As I wanted many readers to read the book itself and to read a summary of the book, I planned to write my book review based on the question and my interpretation of the Dune series. The question that I asked myself was “What did Frank Herbert want me to learn?” The first concept that I analyzed after reading the Dune series was time and reality. The Dune series takes place in the distant future. At the planet Dune, the spices allow people to see an illusion that is interpreted as one of many possible futures. Paul Atreides and Leto Atreides II are surrounded by constant illusions in life. When someone asks how understanding and being knowledgeable about the future can be miserable, Paul tells them that his life no longer has a purpose, understanding his inevitable end and progress. Although this may not be the main message that Frank Herbert intended, this idea was really awakening for me. For a high school student, it is always typical to become anxious about the future when one would strongly desire to know my future. However, Frank Herbert implies that knowing the future will make every moment of the present and past meaningless as one knows their future is immutable. Therefore, Frank Herbert’s novel series taught me to focus on the present; he wishes the reader to understand how moments that we live by are unique and special. Dune is a future society of humanity. However, ironically, everything seems so antique and corresponds with the past civilization of humanity. The people are obsessed with Muad'dib and religion. The fact that spices found in Dune (although used for space traveling) somewhat resemble the spice that has been a center of commerce in the Middle age. By portraying the irony in the future, Frank Herbert tries to inform the readers how humanity can’t progress further simply by developing technologies; he argues that humanity will only deteriorate and cycle back to the past with current ideals. This is the reason why the Dune series is so complicated and powerful. It is not a simple SF or fantasy novel that readers can read for pleasure. It questions the past, present, and future of humanity. Frank Herbert does not end his novel with an appealing or cliché ending. The unresolved, questioning ending of the novel causes the reader to look back and front of humanity, to find the solution that can lead to a better future for humanity. Here I would be making a controversial comment. Personally, the Dune series was more enjoyable than the Harry Potter series. Just for sure, I have no intention to criticize or dishonor the achievements of the Harry Potter series. However, I believe the Dune Series would be more acknowledged by people and students because it is not a simple science fiction but a novel that questions the indeterminate history of humanity. The Dune series is being filmed and the second sequel is being released on November 3, 2023. If you are not still persuaded by my review, watch Part 1 of Dune in the movie which was released in 2021. After the film, you would be shouting “Atreides!” and find yourself buying the entire novel series as I did. 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Economics Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Economics What are North Korea’s Political and Economic Goals for 2024, and How Will This Affect Its Current Relationships with South Korea and Russia? Economics 01/21/2024 Share Celine Park North Korea’s ongoing economic strain due to UN sanctions has been exacerbated by the country’s weak economy following the Covid outbreak. It is anticipated that North Korea will continue to face severe food shortages, famine, and other economic hardships in 2024. Resolving these humanitarian issues has become one of the country’s prior goals for the year. Politically, the country is expected to display increased hostility in its interactions with other countries throughout the year, heightening international relationships. Kim has constantly turned down meeting requests from Biden while significantly increasing the number of tests conducted since 2021 – surpassing the figures recorded under the previous US administration. Experts predict that North Korea would likely escalate provocations towards Washington, especially as the US prepares for its presidential elections scheduled in November. It is predicted that this means maintaining or intensifying its military pressure campaign on both South Korea and America. Kim’s recent statement that the South is their “primary foe” and that unification with them is impossible underscores this deteriorating relationship and implies that the implementation of hardline policies would persist until the end of the election. To determine the long-term relationships between North Korea, South Korea, and the U.S., the election outcome would be a pivotal factor to consider. A Trump victory could potentially result in a decrease in provocations towards Washington. However, it may intensify the South Korean discussions of obtaining nuclear weapons to confront the North. On the other hand, North Korea’s relations with Russia is seeing an optimistic turn. In exchange for North Korea’s military assistance to support Russia’s position in the Ukraine War, it is anticipated that Russia would provide North Korea with cheap or free oil, gas, and grain, contributing to improving the country’s falling economy and resolving the aforementioned humanitarian issues. In summary, North Korea’s economic and political goals for 2024 are poised to significantly affect the country’s relationships with South Korea and Russia. Works Cited > News News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Science Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In 2025 Baekdu Mountain Eruption: Signs, Consequences, and Coping Strategies Science 4 The tallest mountain on the Korean peninsula is about to erupt in two years, in 2025. The center of the incident is the 2,744m-tall Baekdu Mountain, located on the border between North Korea and China. Its majesty led ancient people to create mythological stories as to what Baekdu was for them. According to the Encyclopedia of Korean Culture, various types and tendencies of Baekdu myths indicate that people revered and worshiped the mountain as an origin of prosperity, the dwelling of the patron god, and the subject of authority judging good and evil. The Korean peninsula is geographically surrounded by major East-Asian countries like Russia, China, and Japan, therefore, the eruption of Mt. Baekdu is anticipated to bring a devastating impact on the East-Asian regions. Mt. Baekdu had been recorded to erupt In 946 CE, which was a tremendous incident that brought a continent-level disaster to East Asia. According to the chief of the Citizens’ Institute of Environmental Studies, it is concluded that Mt. Baekdu’s eruption in 946 had the largest ever magnitude in history, analyzing the amount of sulfur in rocks near the crater, Cheonji. Furthermore, according to Yoon-soo Lee, a professor of POSTECH, over 4 times of energy that was released by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami was released from Cheonji during the eruption in 946; according to Seonghyo Yoon, a professor of Busan University, volcanic ashes had spread so far at that time that they were even found in the glaciers of Greenland. These tell that the impact of mountain Baekdu in 946 was enormous, and warn that people today must be aware of the influences the eruption in 2025 would bring and be acquainted with appropriate coping strategies. People base the possibility of the eruption on the 100-year cycle theory. Mt. Baekdu, since its eruption in 946, has erupted at least once every century for a millennium. The most recent eruption was in 1925, which makes the eruption in 2025 probable. On the other hand, various signs of the eruption have been discovered since the early 2000s. According to Hyuk Kim, the head of the earthquake department in North Korea, a total of 10 earthquakes had been recorded around Mt. Baekdu between 2016 and 2018, which increases the underground sensitivity. Suspicious circumstances around the mountain, such as 3,000 earthquakes at Mt. Baekdu between 2002 and 2005, the swelling of the Cheonji area by dozens of cm, and the release of volcanic gas that dried trees out around, also buttressed the idea. The rise of the mountain’s surface temperature by a few degrees since before October 2006, observed by a Russian satellite, and the rise of the temperature of the hot springs around Cheonji from 69°C in the 1990s to 83°C currently, suggest that there is magma present underneath the mountain. Furthermore, in 2016, North Korea, through an international journal paper, actually proved the presence of magma underground around Mt. Baekdu. There are forecasted to be disastrous possible consequences after the eruption in 2025. Primarily, 2000t of water stored in the Mt. Baekdu caldera would flood out along with the liquefied carbon dioxide underneath, which could suffocate the lives around. The dispersal of volcanic ashes would also be a huge problem. According to the National Disaster Management Institute of Korea, after the eruption, following the northwest wind, volcanic ashes would pass through the Ulleungdo area after 9 hours and pass through the Japanese archipelago after 24 hours. Climate change, environmental pollution, power failure, suspension of transportation, industrial damage, and facility damage stem from volcanic ash, would be a consequence of the eruption. According to Arief R. Achmad from the Division of Science Education of Kangwon National University, if the eruption is large, as at Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) 5 and 7, lahar would inundate residential areas like Hyesan in North Korea and Ji’an in China. Also, such a large volcanic eruption is anticipated to deform the topography by 100 m at maximum. In terms of social damages, the relationship between North and South Korea, and between North Korea and China could be impacted by the eruption. The possibility of refugee generation and economic recession due to industrial damages cannot be excluded. However, appropriate coping strategies would minimize the damages attributable to the eruption of Mt. Baekdu. There is already a straightforward manual for protecting yourself during a volcanic eruption suggested by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. If the lava is coming toward you, leave the area immediately no matter what. If you are indoors, block external air inflow, and bring pets and livestock into closed shelters. If you are outdoors, seek shelter indoors, roll into a ball to protect your head during rockfall, beware of rising water and mudflows, and avoid contact with gasses and fumes. For protecting yourself from ashfall, stay inside, wear long-sleeved shirts and pants, wear goggles to protect your eyes and air purifying respirator to protect your lungs, and avoid driving. Away from general guidance for volcanic eruption, response tasks are suggested for different damage scenarios of Mt. Baekdu’s blast by Jae Eun Park and Hye Won Kim. People will also be notified with response guidelines through broadcasting, followed by activation of shelter and emergency transportation, operation of power supply facilities, and enforcement of disaster recovery support plans. In terms of multi-hazard around China and North Korea, suppression of radiation leakage, prevention of additional explosions, radiation victim treatment, emergency food supply plan, victim compensation, and temporary residence plan are essential. When it comes to the impacts on East Asia, observational monitoring of damage scale, the dispatch of disaster relief medical teams, international support from the UN, and the device of economic burden mitigation measures can be possible ideal responses. Lastly, in response to the global impact of the explosion, identification of ash-influenced areas, aircraft flying route changes, satellite-based ash monitoring, international aid request, economic measures, damage scale assessment, and aggravation prevention are mandatory not only to reduce the damage, but also to seek quick recovery in terms of politics, economy, and business. It has been realized that the eruption of Mt. Baekdu is in the near future. Finding the precursor symptoms, the risks it could bring, and the appropriate countermeasures would prevent you from the maximum damage you can imagine. People must familiarize various related guidance, and protect themselves and the precious people around from the calamitous disaster. 2023/03/11 Share Seun Kim Works Cited > News Science Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? 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Economics Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Economics Venezuela’s (Failed) Currency Reform Economics 01/25/2024 Share Seunghee (Donna) Kim On January 15, the Venezuelan government officially shut down Petro, a cryptocurrency launched six years ago by President Nicolas Maduro. Amidst public skepticism surrounding its validity, Petro’s coup de grâce was a corruption scandal regarding Venezuelan oil operations with crypto assets just last year. Initial hopes for the cryptocurrency were high, at least for the government: Through Petro, President Maduro hoped to circumvent hyperinflation associated with fiat money–physical currencies–and US sanctions. Indeed, cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin are typically designed to be decentralized, transparent, and limited in supply. This prevents any central authority from manipulating transactions or overprinting money, the latter of which was the root cause of Venezuela’s longstanding hyperinflation crisis. Through its digital nature, Petro could also avoid Trump’s sanctions on traditional Venezuelan bonds in US markets, helping the country access international financing. However, most of Petro’s intended benefits were rendered null as it lacked the merits of typical cryptocurrencies. For one thing, Petro was never decentralized–the exchange rate between Petro and Bolívar, the now-broken Venezuelan national currency, was subject to an arbitrary price discount determined by the government, which has a track record for currency manipulation and economic failure. Unlike cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin which operate on market demand, Petro was heavily reliant on government infrastructure. Such caveats manifested in a recent scandal involving fund mismanagements from oil operations with crypto assets. Coupled with the general unpopularity of Petro with the Venezuelan public from its complicated and cumbersome nature, the unsuccessful financial endeavor came to an end just two weeks ago. The introduction of Petro was just a bandaid over the country’s widespread economic failures. Despite the partial suspension of US sanctions on Venezuela last November, the country still struggles with a crumbling economy. Critics often attribute this to high corruption within the country’s government, arguing that state funds and resources are diverted for personal gain rather than public use. The real question, therefore, seems to lie within the Venezuelan government and how far it is willing to go for its economy and its people. Works Cited > News News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Works Cited > News Share JiAn Lee, Jiwoo Kim, Minji Kim, Soojean Paik 11/03/2024 0 The Nobel Committee’s selection process has been called into question by the fact that South Korean author Han Kang and AI researcher Geoffrey Hinton were both awarded the 2024 Nobel Prizes in Literature and Physics, respectively. Han’s depiction of the 5.18 has been disputed by critics. The Gwangju Uprising distorts a critical chapter in Korean history and some question whether Hinton’s groundbreaking work on artificial intelligence truly represents the limits of physics. Is there a valid reason for the concerns raised about the Nobel Prize decisions, and what political factors influence their acceptance? Additionally, how do these prizes affect Nobel Prizes in terms of their impact on literature and science? Han Kang's books, which were awarded Nobel prizes, explore themes of trauma and resistance, focusing on Korea's 5.18 revolution. Gwangju Uprising. A violently suppressed pro-democracy movement in the 1980s is a pivotal and sensitive event in Korean history. This event was significant. Although her pieces are highly regarded internationally for their emotional depth and political significance, South Korean critics argue that her plot distorts the historical record and serves as an instrument for politicizing Korea's past. The Nobel Prize's value was considered a fall from grace by one critic, who also believed it legitimized historical distortions. This reaction highlights the crucial role of literary awards, such as the Nobel Prize, in promoting particular cultural narratives on a global level. ". Such awards can elicit debates about historical fidelity and national identity interpretations, as they highlight areas of history that may not be explicitly acknowledged for their recognition. Former Google Researcher Geoffrey Hinton won the Nobel prize for physics. He is a British-Canadian computer scientist known as the godfather of artificial intelligence (AI). He and his colleagues developed artificial neural networks, a core machine learning technology, by borrowing methods from physics. While some critics agree that the work was groundbreaking, they argue that his win was questionable mainly because his work was a combined field of physics and computer science, apart from the traditional forms of science. Noah Giansiracusa, an associate math professor at Bentley University argued, “What he did was phenomenal, but was it physics? I don't think so. Even if there's inspiration from physics, they're not developing a new theory in physics or solving a longstanding problem in physics.” Hinton’s work stood on the shoulders of Werbos and Amari’s earlier research. Werbos and Amari’s contributions to the AI development of neural networks sparked innovations such as AlphaGo and OpenAi’s GPT. AI research experts emphasize that technological advancements are “nearly always a collaborative, multi-layered process”. The controversy over Hinton’s win reevaluates how the Nobel committee recognizes innovation. The Nobel committee’s selection underscores that the most significant AI advancements would most likely come from ‘those who can refine and adapt existing ideas to [confront] new challenges,’ not from those who invent entirely new concepts. The Nobel Prize and its significance can relate to individual ability as it rewards only one winner per party for the year. However, the influence of the Prize itself exceeds the appreciation for just an individual and ensures the global relationship between the nations or the recognition of the cultural exchange. Consequently, the Nobel Prize winners can influence the primary image of the content they are delivering, creating the possibility of distortion and controversy in culture and history. The effect of the Nobel Prize is unlimited, also continuing to grow within the political aspect of the award, creating a new place for political discussion based on how the nominee solves the issue. Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice. Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho JiAn Lee, Jiwoo Kim, Minji Kim, Soojean Paik Questioning the Nobel Committee: Political Controversies Surrounding the 2024 Prizes for Han Kang and Geoffrey Hinton

Business Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Business Importance of Target Market in Business Management Business 01/21/2024 Share Yeounseo Kim Business owners often overlook the importance of setting up a specific target market for their products and services, thinking that wider the target market, more the sales and success. However, having an unlimited target market is actually less helpful for businesses. In this article, we will explore why it is important for businesses to have a strong target market basis. First, setting a strong target market allows business owners to prepare effective marketing strategies. Let’s take a tea cup for an example. If the target market for this tea cup business is set to “women of age 20 to 40”, it is considered to be a very broad target market. Such a big age group makes it difficult for the owners to promote the positives of their product. For example, women of age 20 may value the design of the cup, while women of age 40 may value the strength and durability of the cup. Having to consider multiple aspects to promote will make the advertisement way too complex and lack uniqueness. However, if the target market is set specifically, it will reduce the chances of marketing failure and improve the product’s image. Second, identifying a defined, narrow target market enables the owners to set appropriate prices for their products and/or services to be provided to the customers. For example, setting up prices for handmade items is often challenging, because on the one hand, it takes a lot of time and effort to create one item, but on the other hand, people who do not consider such effort will be dissatisfied by the pricing, calling them “too expensive”. However, if the target market is strictly defined to “people who have crafting hobbies”, the potential customers would not be intimidated by the price, because they have knowledge and experience of how challenging it is to create one item by human hand. Lastly, a constrained target market allows improvement of brand image. Because the customer group is strictly set to a specific group of people, businesses would strive to satisfy those people who count as their existing or potential customers. This will allow businesses to specialize and grow as a unique business, shaping the brand image as a business who is loyal, considerate, and hard-working for their customers. This will not only support the growth of the business, but also open up chances for product development. To conclude, setting up a specific target market will help business owners to become successful and provide improved products and services to all customers, and hence, it should not be ignored for business owners who seek to become an impactful business in the market. Works Cited > News News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Economics Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In The Effect of the Qatar World Cup on Qatar’s Economics Economics 0 The World Cup and the Olympics would be the biggest sports events in the world. They are big festivals for countries all over the world that are participating since they aim to bring people of all nations together to celebrate a great feast of athletic achievement. These sports events are usually held every four years, and participant nations compete with each other to win the opportunity to host the events since these big events bring profits for the country itself as well. The World Cup is a national competition to determine the world's best national soccer team, held every four years since 1930 under the auspices of FIFA. The 2022 FIFA World Cup which started on the 21st of November, is now being held in Qatar. This is very meaningful for the countries in Asia, as it is for the second time the World Cup being held in Asia, following the 2002 Korea-Japan World Cup. Additionally, attention from all over the world is focused on the fact that it was held during winter for the first time in history since the first World Cup was held. The economic effect of the Qatar World Cup is expected to reach 19 billion dollars in total. In contrast to the estimated income, Qatar spent a large cost for hosting estimated to be approximately 200 billion dollars, a massive amount of money than any other World Cups that were held before. At first glance, it may seem to be losing money just by looking at the numbers. However, money isn’t the only thing to consider when talking about the economic effects of the Qatar World Cup. In order to understand the statement, it is important to know about Qatar itself. Qatar is a small country next to Saudi Arabia, and its area is approximately 11,571km2, even smaller than New York. The total population is estimated to be 2.83 million, but as most of its territory is desert, the majority of the total population is dense in one habitable region. It is said to be the most lopsided-populated country in history. Qatar's main industries are oil and gas, and energy exports account for 86% of total exports. Because the energy industry is volatile and unsustainable, a country with a high proportion of energy exports must develop other industries and infrastructure in order to achieve long-term growth. Qatar's infrastructure cannot handle a large number of people as people from all countries flocked to this international event: FIFA World Cup. In order to accommodate a massive number of travelers, Qatar had to expand transportation and internet-related infrastructure and build an airport and hotels. In this way, an opportunity to improve the country's own infrastructure while hosting the World Cup at the same time opened in Qatar. In fact, Qatar only spent between $6.5 billion and $10 billion for stadium construction, while the majority of the cost was spent on infrastructure construction such as hotels, metros, and airports, according to the "Qatar 2030 Plan". In the process of constructing these infrastructures, Qatar’s construction economy has improved and it has grown into the second-largest industry after its energy industry. Even after the World Cup, the distribution business can benefit from established infrastructure such as airports, ports, railroads, and roads. In addition, geopolitically, Qatar is located in the Middle East, connecting Europe and Asia. And being a peninsular country, it is good to have a port or airport near the coast, as intermediary trade is possible with a high possibility of becoming a transit point. Qatar Airport is famous for being beautiful like a future city, and because it is an oil-producing country, it is supplied with fuel at a low price and has good price competitiveness. This way, it can be seen that the economic effect of the World Cup can create a foundation for future industries and sustainable growth, rather than immediate profits. Of course, there are negative comments as well as positive ones. Many critics have argued that Qatar cannot recover the massive costs due to tangible and intangible economic effects such as high maintenance costs and the increase of useless facilities. For instance, Brasilia's Mane Garrincha Stadium, which was evaluated as “the most expensive World Cup stadium” because of its massive cost of 50 million dollars, was used as a bus parking lot as it could not find any other usage. Moreover, Cuiaba Pantanal Stadium, which cost more than 200 million dollars, has not been occupied for a while, and the homeless flocked to the locker room and shocked everyone. In such ways, spending too much budget on the World Cup can just be a white elephant, and the consequence of Qatar’s big investment in it is unpredictable. It’s undeniable that Qatar’s massive budget for the 2022 World Cup may bring about good economic effects. On the other hand, it is also important to be prepared for the side effects after the World Cup so that the investments won’t turn out to be a white elephant or follow the path of the 2014 World Cup held in Brazil. 2023/11/27 Share Dayeon Song Works Cited > News Economics Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. 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Monthly Edition: January Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Monthly Edition: January Recent Houthi Attacks in the Red Sea Threaten Global Markets Monthly Edition: January 01/21/2024 Share Jae Hyun Kim (Jayden) Recently, the U.S army launched a retaliatory attack on Houthi militants to diminish their aggression within Red Sea waterways–and the roots of this problem extend to the Israel-Palestine conflict. With tension rising among the Middle-East countries, Houthi militants—provisionally in control of Yemen—had targeted their attacks to maritime trade along the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. Despite their claims that they were assailing Israel to demonstrate support for Israel,, the attacked vessels turned out to have no link with supplying Israel. In response, Washington launched airstikes on Yemen, thereby declaring that they would not hesitate to attack the Houthies if they insisted on exhibiting aggression. The Red Sea functions as the world’s most significant waterway; It is a main passage that ties the Arabian countries with the Mediterranean countries. Recent attacks have forced a majority of shipping companies to take a detour to avoid the aggressions of Houthis. The rerouted vessels now started to travel around the Southern tip of Africa, extending the trip by 30%. As the long journey requires more fuel, the oil demand has also surged by 3%, with further increase predicted. This incidence of strong demand signifies a further inflation of oil prices. In the face of such prolonged aggression, analysts predict that the increase in energy prices cannot be overlooked. Furthermore, the Red Sea is a threshold to the Suez Canal for multitudes of ships that port crude oil. In this sense, the interference of global trade in the Red Sea area will directly hit the Suez Canal, contributing up to the inflation of oil price. Oil is not the only commodity hit by the Houthi attacks; East Asian exports are also experiencing a heavy price increase. It is becoming clear that the insistence of crises within significant trade zones affect supply and demand dynamics to cause a ‘domino effect’ that can disrupt trade patterns and threaten the global market. Works Cited > News News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.