Weekdays, Month Day, Year 00 °c Log In Economics Impact on the Korean Economy with the Growth of Other Countries’ Semiconductor Economics 3/03/2024 Share Jiwoo(Jade) Kim Korea is well known for creating one of the most high-quality semiconductors in the world. This can be shown by the fact that the semiconductor export has a high increase compared to each year, and especially for this year, it has been about a 66% increase. However, Korea is not the only country that seeks for the beneficiary with the semiconductors. Then, how would the increase in other countries’ semiconductor markets affect Korea’s economy? Currently, there are four major countries in the global semiconductor market which are Taiwan, China, the United States of America, and Japan, excluding Korea. Especially the global semiconductor industry is colliding around two types of gigantic paradigm shifts; the AI revolution and supply chain restructure due to the US’ sanctions on the Chinese semiconductor market. The United States is blocking the production of Chinese Semiconductor exports to the country so that they can keep in check the growth of Chinese economic benefits using the diverse trade using their high production rate compared with other countries, based on their amount of plants. From this situation, the Korean market can expect the reverse gain between the two country’s market competition. However, it is expected that the Taiwan semiconductor makes it hard for Korea to maintain its export value. First of all, Taiwan has the highest-ranked semiconductor production all around the world. Producing over 60% of the semiconductors, Taiwan is highly supporting the dominant brand TSMC(Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation). The real problem is that Japan is cooperating with TSMC, creating the factory in their land. This will have a high effect on Korean economics if Korea cannot survive this global competition. Since IT including the semiconductor market has about a 50% portion of the Korean industry and economy, the decrease in the export rate of semiconductors will highly affect the Korean economy not for 50% but more than that. What Korea will have to do to stop this situation will a creation of big change. The Korean market for semiconductors has been steady with reasonable maintenance. However, this was when Taiwan was the only competitor that Korea should have thought of. Nowadays the global semiconductor market has increased by 573.44 Billion USD in 2022, thus showing the expectation of 12.2% growth throughout the world. Korea will have to seek for new spots that they can mainly improve or differ from other nations and stabilize their own primacy. Works Cited Khadija Shafaat Khan. “Semiconductor Market Share by Country: Top 5.” Insider Monkey, Insider Monkey, 27 Dec. 2023, www.insidermonkey.com/blog/semiconductor-market-share-by-country-top-5-1243198/5/. Accessed 3 Mar. 2024. “Semiconductor Market Size & Share | Industry Growth [2029].” Fortunebusinessinsights.com, 2022, www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/semiconductor-market-102365. Accessed 3 Mar. 2024. > News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Economics Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Boosting Pay, Boosting Prosperity: Benefits of Minimum Wage Economics Share Jihan Kim 2023/03/11 Works Cited > News 0 03/11/2023 With the Covid-19 pandemic handicapping people in their homes, many workers suddenly found themselves out of work, and thousands of businesses fell apart. As a consequence, an outcry from workers put pressure on many governments to increase minimum wages, reigniting debates on its impacts between economists and politicians. While many economists agree that low pay is bad for workers, others believe that increasing the wage would bring about worse effects on low-skilled workers due to a fall in the employment rate. This argument is, of course, supported by conventional economic theory: If the cost of labor increases, production would become less profitable, and hence, businesses would lay off workers. To make matters worse, firms would lay off low-skilled workers out of all employees due to their lack of productivity. As a result, those whom the minimum wage was intended to help lose out of the game. However, reality is far more complex than what textbooks state. In reality, firms are not able to determine or quantify the productivity of each and every employee, nor can they make every possible comparison between them. This asymmetric information puts firms in less advantageous positions: they could potentially pay more wage to workers who are actually worth less. From the perspective of firms, overpaying workers signals a loss of profit, and so most firms pay workers less than their marginal revenue product. This, in other words, is a monopoly of firms where a firm acts as the only “buyer” of the employees of the firm and hence utilizes its power to negotiate the price of the employee (wage) as low as possible. Minimum wage, in this framework, attempts to reduce the power of firms in strong negotiation positions. In fact, research conducted by David Card and Alan Krueger has proven that it successfully reduced the power of firms and, in fact, increased the employment rate. In 1992, New Jersey’s hourly wage was increased from $4.25 to $5.05, while Pennsylvania’s wage was kept at $4.25, and the two economists gathered information on employment of fast-food restaurants in these states before April and again several months later. The result turned out to be counterintuitive: the employment rate increased in New Jersey, whereas it fell in Pennsylvania. The result of David Card and Alan Krueger’s research seems absurd. Why would the employment rate increase when the labor cost increases? It turns out that minimum wage has acted as a correction of the market failure by monopsony: the wage that was capped artificially below the market equilibrium was raised by the minimum wage policy back to its equilibrium where buyers and sellers can exchange freely. People are more allured to enter the market. Minimum wage is essential to market failure in the labor market. It artificially raises the wage that was once artificially kept low by the monopsony of employers. If the suitable minimum wage is applied, it would encourage more people to enter the markets. Yet, debates are still ongoing about what is a suitable minimum wage. Would raising the minimum wage to $12 per hour be suitable? Or would $15 per hour be suitable? This varies by the country’s circumstances and assessments of other potential benefits or harms of the minimum wage. Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Economics Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” Robinson About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Weekdays, Month Day, Year 00 °c Log In Monthly Edition Questions About the Nobel Committee: Controversies for the 2024 Awards Monthly Edition November 22, 2024 at 1:37:20 PM Share Soojean Paik, Jian Lee, Jiwoo Kim, Minji Kim The Nobel Committee’s selection process has long been confidential to the world, and doubts about the fairness of the process have followed along the Nobel Prize’s long history. The 2024 Award was not an exception. Korean novelist Han Kang and AI researcher Geoffrey Hinton’s win in literature and physics have raised questions about the Committee’s selection process. Han’s depiction of the 5.18 Gwangju Uprising was criticized by critics as distorting a critical chapter in Korean modern history. Meanwhile, Hinton’s groundbreaking work on artificial intelligence was questioned if it truly represented the field of physics. Are the concerns raised about the Nobel Prize decisions valid? Why are the wins significant in the fields of literature and science? Han Kang's books which were awarded Nobel prizes explore themes of trauma and resistance, focusing on Korea's 5.18 Gwangju Uprising. Gwangju Uprising. In modern Korean history, this violently suppressed pro-democracy movement in the 1980s was tabooed, sensitive, but pivotal. Although her pieces are highly regarded internationally for their emotional depth and political significance, South Korean critics argue that her plots distort the historical facts and serve as an instrument for politicizing Korea's past. The Nobel Prize's value was even considered a fall from grace by a critic who believed it legitimized historical distortions. This negative reaction highlights the crucial role of literary awards, such as the Nobel Prize, in promoting particular cultural narratives on a global level. As they could mistakenly highlight areas of history that may not be explicitly acknowledged for their recognition, such awards are prone to elicit debates on historical accuracy and cultural appropriation. Meanwhile, a former Google researcher Geoffrey Hinton won the 2024 Nobel Prize for physics. He is a British-Canadian computer scientist, known as the godfather of artificial intelligence (AI). He and his colleagues developed artificial neural networks, a core machine learning technology, by borrowing methods from physics. While some critics agree that the work was monumental, they argue that his win was questionable mainly because it was interdisciplinary as a combination of physics and computer science, apart from the traditional forms of science. Noah Giansiracusa, an associate math professor at Bentley University argued: “What he did was phenomenal, but was it physics? I don't think so. Even if there's inspiration from physics, they're not developing a new theory in physics or solving a longstanding problem in physics.” Hinton’s work stood on the shoulders of Werbos and Amari’s earlier research. Werbos and Amari’s contributions to the AI development of neural networks sparked innovations such as AlphaGo and OpenAi’s GPT. AI research experts emphasize that technological advancements are “nearly always a collaborative, multi-layered process.” The controversy over Hinton’s win reevaluates how the Nobel Committee recognizes innovation. The Nobel Committee’s selection underscores that the most significant AI advancements would likely come from “those who can refine and adapt existing ideas to [confront] new challenges,” not those who invent entirely new concepts. The Nobel Prize and its significance can relate to individual ability as it rewards only one winner per party for the year. However, the influence of the Prize itself exceeds the appreciation for just an individual but ensures the global relationship between the nations or cultural exchange. Consequently, the Nobel Prize winners can influence the primary image of the content they are delivering, creating the possibility of distortion and controversy in culture and history. The effect of the Nobel Prize is unlimited, also continuing to grow within the political aspect of the award, creating a new place for political discussion based on how the nominee solves the issue. Works Cited Coulter, Martin. “Google’s Nobel Prize Winners Stir Debate over AI Research.” Reuters , Thomson Reuters, 10 Oct. 2024, www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/googles-nobel-prize-winners-stir-debate-over-ai-research-2024-10-10/. Epstein, Ziv. “The ‘Godfather of AI’ Says He’s Worried about ‘the End of People’ – MIT Media Lab.” MIT Media Lab, 2023, www.media.mit.edu/articles/the-godfather-of-ai-says-he-s-worried-about-the-end-of-people/#:~:text=Hinton%20is%20known%20as%20the,helped%20propel%20AI ’s%20rapid%20advancement. Accessed 3 Nov. 2024. sch53@donga.com , 송치훈 동아닷컴 기자. “‘한강 소설 역사왜곡...노벨문학상 中작가가 받았어야’ 국내작가 막말 논란.” 동아일보, 11 Oct. 2024, www.donga.com/news/Society/article/all/20241012/130202342/2. Oza, Anil. “Men Won All the Science Nobels This Year. There’s an Even Bigger Problem.” STAT , 15 Oct. 2024, www.statnews.com/2024/10/11/nobel-prizes-2024-gender-bias-science/. “Han Kang: A Language of Her Own Wrought of Winter’s Chill and Worldly Grief.” Hankyoreh , english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_entertainment/1162674.html. Accessed 3 Nov. 2024. Min-sik, Yoon. “Complaint Filed against Writer Who Called Han Kang’s Historic Nobel Win ‘Shameful and Sad.’” The Korea Herald , The Korea Herald, 22 Oct. 2024, www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20241022050549&ACE_SEARCH=1. Jeong-yoon, Choi. “Censorship of Nobel Winner Han Kang’s Book Stirs Debate.” The Korea Herald , The Korea Herald, 21 Oct. 2024, m.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20241021050568. “Han Kang’s Nobel Prize in Literature and the Importance of Translation.” Han Kang’s Nobel Prize in Literature and the Importance of Translation , www.letr.ai/en/blog/241027. Accessed 3 Nov. 2024. “Yung in Chae: ‘Why Han Kang’s Nobel Matters.’” The Yale Review , yalereview.org/article/han-kang-nobel-prize. Accessed 3 Nov. 2024. > News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. 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Politics Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Politics The Keyword That Symbolizes the Changes in the Global Country This Year? Politics 12/12/2023 Share Soobin Jang In a global context, what is a keyword that symbolizes the political, economic, and social changes that have occured this year? Various incidents have occurred in 2023, including significant improvements in artificial intelligence (AI), the war between Ukraine and Russia, the continuity of COVID-19, and the release of the Fukushima discharge to the Pacific Ocean. Such events have led to a decline in interdependence between the countries. Especially, COVID-19 and the prevalence of war between countries triggered the paradigm shift in politics. According to the Hyundai Research Institute, the phenomena occurring in 2023 led to a trending issue in politics, which they call deglobalization. Deglobalization is the process of declining interdependence and integration between certain groups around the world, generally nation-states. Recently, this concept has been a trending idea used to reshape the world’s political, economic, and social views. This writing explores the reason for globalization and solutions to survive from this. Specifically about deglobalization, the global poly-crisis of Korea seems to be the main reason for the decline in the reliance between the countries. According to the Hankyoreh News, the global poly-crisis refers to a situation where several major crises occur simultaneously and affect each other. The problem is not simply that multiple crises are occurring at the same time; the crux is that these multiple crises are intertwined into one system, which can affect one another viciously. Various problems, including infectious diseases, economic instability, war and geopolitical dynamics, energy crises, climate disasters, and social conflicts, are emerging simultaneously due to inequality, as some of those were mentioned before. However, it is complicated to solve all these problems due to the capabilities of the government and politics, differences in people’s perspectives, and complex conflicts integrated with these problems. In addition, due to COVID-19, the world trading route was limited, which isolated each country from one another. Starting from this, there are no countries where they want to get disadvantages from others. For example, there will be no country that wants to be engaged in other countries' wars. These factors, in particular, might have caused a decline in interconnection among the countries. However, as nations navigate the complexities of this shift, it is essential to seek a balanced approach that addresses the legitimate concerns driving deglobalization while preserving the benefits of international cooperation. Since all nations are interconnected, each country requires each other’s help to further develop and survive, maintaining balance and helping others. Most importantly, strengthening countries in a global context should be prioritized to help other countries. Works Cited > News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Weekdays, Month Day, Year 00 °c Log In RR X CI Workshop A Summer Voyage Perfect For You Share Photo by Giuseppe Mondì on Unsplash Share Jihoon Choi A Summer Voyage Perfect For You There is a reason your mom wants to visit New York and California and London and Tokyo. It’s because she wants to. But have you ever wondered about where you truly want to visit in the months that follow the end of a stressful school year? Have you ever wanted to explore a place that is beautiful, charming, and fits your own style, rather than your mom’s? Have you ever stopped in your tracks at the airport and thought, why am I even going here in the first place? In the following guide, you will discover numerous curated experiences that aren’t just handed to you by your mom but instead can be personalized to your own taste. Un voyage dans le magnifique sud de la France A journey to the beautiful South of France France is home to some of the most beautiful sights, intricate museums, and graceful architecture The name “France” often invokes a vision of the crowded capital city of Paris—with petite cafés surrounding monuments you may have read in your history books like the Eiffel Tower and the Louvre. Yet there is also the South, as beautiful as the centre of France. The coastline cities and villages could offer an escape route out of the sometimes stressful Chadwick community and schoolwork and projects—into a world where beautiful nature meets fascinating places packed with stories. “The whole future of art is to be found in the South of France.” - Van Gogh Southern France is a tropical playground, a place to swim and surf and hike the cool green hills; or explore the beautiful vineyards (Mom will be happy if you want to go near her beloved wine). Taking photos of your trip there would definitely serve as something to remember and treasure with your family & friends, and any souvenirs you take home will be the coolest in your drawer. Marseille, where history dawns on the Mediterranean The Basilique Notre-Dame and the Fort Saint-Jean allow for a panoramic view of the rich French history, while MuCEM, a modern museum, brings light to a modern jem of architecture. There are also natural beauties, like the limestone cliffs of the Calanques , so famous for its beautiful hikes, the gentle waves of the Prado Beaches, and the peaceful escape of the Îles du Frioul. You could also tour the Marché Noailles for a dip into the lively, multicultural identity true Marseille is like. Avignon, a historic tourist site buzzing with culture Avignon is a bustling city that is still full of evidence of the Medieval Town you once learned in history class. Now you can see them for real! The magical aura the city surrounds itself in is one of the most amazing parts about the place—what was once the seat of the Catholic Popes now a fortified smaller city along the Rhône. One of the many places to visit for lunch is Cuisine Centr’Halles, a market hall. You can savor fish, cheese, pastries, and more—with the additional option of taking a cooking class. After lunch, you can tour the Palais de Papes, where past popes used to dwell. Then you can head over to the Point d’Avignon, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and part of the pilgrimage route between Italy and Spain during the Middle Ages. You can also visit Parc Rocher des Doms and cool off from the summer heat with a sorbet or glace (ice cream). Some of the other famous tourist places to go to include the Palais des Papes (Palace of the Popes), the Pont d’Avignon, a famous medieval bridge, Rue des Teinturiers (Street of the Dyers), and many more. Provence & Roussillon, where the rainbow of nature meets human civilization Have you ever wanted to visit a mythical land like those found in fairy tales? Southern France is known for its beautiful lavender hills. Depending on your love of purple flowers, you can do a full-day or half-day tour of the lavender fields in Provence. Personally, I would recommend a full day in the countryside to see all the pretty lavender fields and charming villages. Any photo you snap here would definitely gain you up to dozens of followers; and a bonus: You can run through the fields in that maniac way your mom has never permitted inside the house and your teacher has never permitted at school hallways. You could also visit the golden-colored village of Roussillon, 15 minutes away from Bonnieux by car. Not only are there lavender fields but there are also cliffs stained bright red called the Sentier des Ocres that you could hike through. Then, drive to the medieval village of Gordes, where you can tour the stunning Abbaye Notre Dame de Sénanque. Overall, the small village is considered to be one of the most beautiful in France—dating back to the era of the Romans in Gaul, where you walk in the footsteps of ancient Romans and the fallen soldiers of countless wars. Imagine yourself as a Roman soldier walking the streets full of crazy people. Nice, a true star in the universe of Southern France The city of Nice is a great spot to have dinner (the biggest and most famous city in South France has everything you could possibly want so you won't be forced to eat the stuff Dad normally cooks). Nice also has beautiful cathedrals and city architecture that mixes elegant French design with the medieval style of the 16th century, if you’re the kind of person interested in buildings and architecture. You could explore the marketplace, eat your famous dish at a famous restaurant, or climb the famous Castle Hill with your little sibling. The coastal towns of St. Tropez and Cannes are less known to tourists. They are famous for their luxury resorts, and renowned restaurants. Many celebrities go to St. Tropez, so don’t be surprised if you see your favorite TV star or football player! Somewhat later in the day (don’t stay in St. Tropez for the night unless you’re Taylor Swift—or are dying to have a minuscule chance to see Taylor Swift in the hotel—they are extremely expensive), head over to Cannes. Cannes is famous for the exuberant Cannes Film Festival, in May, as well as its sandy beaches and luxury hotels. While rolling down the tracks on a 35-minute train ride away from Nice, you can experience the glittering metropolis disappearing under forests and lakes; to be replaced by red-brick walls and medieval-style architecture. These types of buildings can be commonly found in the Riviera, the coast near the Italian Border; and a trip to South France is incomplete without at least one of the towns there. Then, you can be off to Monaco, a separate mini country (the 2nd smallest in the world), where the richest people in Europe dwell or have summer homes. Monaco, the place in the movies that’s outlined in gold and diamonds and fancy hotels—then ran through with a droid, Resistance fighters, and stormtroopers Monaco is a whole other world located in the South of France—partly because it’s another country! It’s the second smallest country in the world, after Vatican City, but it’s also one of the most beautiful. If you get to see it at night, you can see the whole city lighting up like a firework—but it’s also filled with museum wonders. I know, museums are typically the things that you want to AVOID in a no-mom-advice trip, but a museum where you can touch small sharks with your own hand isn’t really a “typical” museum. Called the Oceanographic Museum, it’s one of the most popular places to go in Monaco; with special areas just for tourists. After going there, consider just going for a walk along the shore to end the day: The view can be really incredible, even if it’s not so action-packed. Feel free to check out more links from Cote d’Azur France, NYT Travel, the Times Travel, and more, to figure out your best travel plan for more personalization on your visit to France! Hope you have lots of fun there, and your mom too! From the 36 Hours collection in the New York Times Travel Magazine: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/07/25/travel/things-to-do-nice.html?unlocked_article_code=1.b04.FPsu.jiajOHfIr07p&smid=url-share From a 2-day Itinerary in Nice, France, on browneyedflowerchild.com: https://browneyedflowerchild.com/what-to-do-in-nice-for-2-days/ From The Times collection on Travel: https://www.thetimes.com/travel/destinations/europe-travel/france/nice/best-things-to-do-nice-x9v2qnmbr Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. 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Weekdays, Month Day, Year 00 °c Log In Monthly Edition Political impact of the Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions (BDS) movement Monthly Edition 03/12/2024 Share Soobin Jang and Minji Kim The Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions (BDS) movement aims to "end international support for Israel's oppression of Palestinians and pressure Israel to comply with international law. " Businesses currently targeted by BDS include McDonalds and Starbucks. What has been the political impact of such boycotting, and is this justified? In 2005, the Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions (BDS) movement was initiated to end Israel’s colonization of Palestinian territories and to promote the right of return of Palestinian refugees. The BDS movement is led by Palestine to end international support for Israel’s persecution of Palestinians and force Israel to abide by international law. According to the official website of the BDS, they uphold the fundamental principle that Palestinians are granted equal rights to the rest of humanity. There are three categories of their campaign. First, they are involved in withdrawing support from all Israeli and international companies that engage in violating the fundamental human rights of Palestinians. Recently, this movement has insisted on boycotts of McDonalds and Starbucks. They focus boycotting on a small number of companies for products for maximum impact. Divestment is their second category, in which they urge banks, local councils, churches, and universities to withdraw all investments from Israel and Israel-based businesses. Last but not least, sanction campaigns pressure governments and institutions to stop their business activities with companies that permit the occupation of Palestinian territory by Israel. In addition, they desire to end military trade and free-trade agreements and suspend Israel’s membership in UN bodies and FIFA. Their pressure campaign on the United States, one of the closest allies of Israel, can make them lose enough profit. For that reason, the BDS movement wants the United States to consider not assisting Israel to commit genocide. The political impact of boycotting can be complex and can vary depending on the specific circumstances, the scale of the boycott, and the responses it generates. To talk about the political impacts of boycotting, Boycotts, particularly when they gain international attention and support, can exert significant pressure on governments and businesses to change their policies or practices. This pressure can come from various sources, including civil society organizations and even other governments. Not only impact political issues, but also Boycotts can have economic consequences for the targets, potentially affecting their revenue, stock prices, and reputation. This impact can vary depending on the size and influence of the boycotted entity and the extent of the boycott's reach. Boycotts can raise public awareness about specific issues or injustices, shaping public opinion and influencing attitudes toward the targeted entities and the broader issues at hand. This increased awareness can lead to broader societal discussions and debates about the underlying political, social, or ethical concerns. Boycotts can prompt responses from governments, both domestically and internationally. Governments may condemn or support boycotts, enact legislation to prohibit or restrict them, or use diplomatic channels to address the underlying issues that prompted the boycott because due to boycotting, their international relationship, economy, and politics can be harmed. Boycotts can have broader implications for diplomatic relations between countries, particularly if they involve international businesses or governments. They can strain relations between countries or create opportunities for cooperation and dialogue, depending on how the affected parties choose to respond. Overall, the political impact of boycotting can be complex and dynamic, with outcomes influenced by a range of factors including the nature of the boycott, the responses it generates, and the broader political and social context in which it occurs. Works Cited BDS Movement |, https://bdsmovement.net/. Accessed 12 March 2024. YouTube: Home, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Boycott-Divestment-Sanctions. Accessed 12 March 2024. YouTube: Home, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-114hhrg96874/html/CHRG-114hhrg96874.htm. Accessed 12 March 2024. “Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions.” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boycott,_Divestment_and_Sanctions. Accessed 12 March 2024. Rajvanshi, Astha, and Yasmeen Serhan. “What to Know About the Global Boycotts Against Israel.” Time, 14 February 2024, https://time.com/6694986/israel-palestine-bds-boycotts-starbucks-mcdonalds/. Accessed 12 March 2024. > News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? 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Monthly Edition Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Political Opposition Against the European Super League, Why? Monthly Edition Share Yeongho Jeong, Hyundo Jung, Jaehun Jung, Gyumin Kim, Seun Kim, Jeongwoo Lee 2023/02/05 Works Cited > News 0 02/05/2023 A fan of Chelsea FC condemned a fan of Liverpool FC for spending only $66 million during the recent transfer window. A fan of Chelsea FC proudly proclaims that they have spent $630 million in the first two transfer windows. Although football fans might be delighted by the signings of new players, many experts and CEO of other football clubs are alarmed by the immense spending by Chelsea FC. The U.S. and Europe sports leagues have disparate systems and economic models. For instance, the U.S. soccer league does not have a relegation and transfer fee system, As the system of transfer fee does not exist in the U.S. sports league, it eliminates the need for the U.S. sports team to make an aggressive investment. Instead, it allows the U.S. sports team to become self-sufficient and successful with revenue earned from broadcast fees and ticket sales. Prospects and young players join a team through a draft system. Furthermore, the absence of a relegation system reduces the pressure on the U.S. sports team to make progress within a year. The Europe football league experiences extreme competition within the league due to relegation. Since the European football league has had relegation from its past, the competition and standing of football clubs have become immensely important. Therefore, European football clubs spend high transfer fees to purchase top players as they are allowed to purchase a player who is on a contract with another team by paying a transfer fee to another club; new players can join a new team every transfer window. However, in recent years, the number of transfer fees that football clubs pay has significantly increased due to the high demand for players caused by the extreme competition but also the financial loss that the European football league had during the pandemic when spectators were not allowed and the league temporarily suspended. Despite the extremely high transfer fee, clubs like Chelsea FC, Manchester City, Newcastle FC, and Paris Saint-Germain F.C. which is owned by a billionaire, are spending millions of dollars to win the league. For instance, as mentioned above, Chelsea FC alone spent $630 million in the first two transfer windows and signed Argentina midfielder Enzo Fernandez for $131.4 million which was a British record fee. However, Chelsea FC stands in 10th place in the premier league. For other teams to compete against clubs owned by billionaires such as Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud or Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan who are willing to invest millions of dollars, they are also pressured to spend significant amounts of money to compete against them. Therefore, the extreme emphasis on competition in European sports leagues creates a structure of sports leagues where the standing of teams will solely depend on the investment and jeopardizes the establishment of a stable and self-sufficient economic model. Nevertheless, in April 2021, twelve ‘Founding clubs’ (AC Milan, Arsenal, Atletico Madrid, Chelsea, Barcelona, Inter Milan, Juventus, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Real Madrid, and Tottenham Hotspur) launched the European Super League which was a league composed of top clubs from different countries within Europe. The establishment of the Super league was an attempt to Americanize the European football system. Unlike the UEFA Champions League which determines the competitor through the standing of the domestic league, the European Super League had fifteen permanent top clubs permanently qualified. The closed system would allow top clubs to generate and dominate profit instead of spending significant amounts of money to compete for qualification to the UEFA Champions League. However, within 48 hours of its announcement, the European Super League collapsed with strong opposition from fans of the domestic league, UEFA, and the British government. As competition has been a tradition within the European sports league, there was strong opposition against the European Super League which allowed only top clubs to dominate the profit and discarded the unqualified clubs. The strong opposition that the Super League faced in Europe reveals how the element of competition within different clubs are highly emphasized in Europe than in the U.S.. The open system of the European football league has allowed the league to become more popular and competitive. However, the extreme emphasis on competition and standings has created teams to compete through the investment and spending of players. To compete against each other, the clubs are spending significant amounts of money despite the severe inflation after the Covid-19 pandemic. Perhaps, the standing and championship of a football club are now purchased rather than earned. $5.52 billion marks the entire payroll of the National Football League; $3.83 billion marks the entire payroll of Major League Baseball. $1.97 billion marks the entire payroll of the EPL. The highest-paid MLB player is Max Scherzer, with a 2023 salary of $43.3 million. The essence is, sports are becoming one of the industries with the most valuable transactions. Professional sports have become a means of entertainment since their popularity surged during the 1920s in the United States. Across the Atlantic Ocean, in Europe, the popularization of modern professional sports dates back to the eighteenth century. As interest in sports in the United States and in Europe grew, companies and sponsors have utilized the athletic market to shape their business models. The different policies in varying sports leagues caused the formation of varying business models. The notion of relegation is a major factor that creates different structures in sports leagues. Relegation is the transfer of teams between different leveled leagues based on a team’s performance. Professional baseball in the United States is divided into different leagues based on performance level: the rookie league, low single-A, high single-A, double-A, triple-A, and the Big Leagues. The teams in the Big Leagues are each categorized as individual organizations. Per se, the New York Yankees is an organization. Minor League teams are affiliated with a Big League team, ergo the lower-tier teams are under the ownership of the Big League teams. This eliminates the need for relegations, as underperforming players would be demoted to the Minor Leagues. In European leagues, such as the EPL, three out of twenty teams are relegated to a second-tier league, and three teams from the second-tier league are promoted to the Premier League–a first-division league. Hence, for teams to avoid such relegation in this structure, it has become inevitable to spend excessive European Euros or English Pounds. The team with the highest payroll in the EPL is Manchester United F.C., with a total payroll of $255 million. When comparing the two teams with the highest payrolls in the MLB and the EPL, the New York Mets’ payroll–$335 million–outnumbers that of Manchester United’s–$255 million, as aforementioned. It clearly seems logical to assume that European leagues would invest more in sports, especially under the direct pressures of relegations. One distinguishing factor in the business models of sports teams in the U.S. is yielding the naming rights to corporations to extend their revenues by a substantial amount: the higher the revenue, the more funds that may be allocated to investments. For instance, the Rams and Chargers of the NFL received $625 million dollars in exchange for yielding SoFi the naming rights of their stadium for a 20-year span; this is the largest stadium naming rights deal. As it is the human instinct to seek entertainment, sports provide enjoyment in a way no other media does. The professional sports industry is growing at a steady pace, and it is thus important to answer ignorant questions such as, “Why are athletes and teams so overvalued?” In 2021, April 18th, the European Super League (ESL) was proposed to be a new football league featuring some of the biggest and most successful clubs in Europe, such as Real Madrid, Barcelona, and Juventus. Those teams in the ESL would compete against each other in a closed league separate from traditional domestic leagues. This idea of matching some of the biggest world-class clubs on a weekly basis was expected to generate significant amounts of revenue through broadcasting rights, sponsorship deals, and ticket sales, but it was met with opposition from politicians and football governing bodies. One of the strongest reasons for the opposition to the European Super League was the negative impact it would have had on national leagues, like the English Premier League (EPL), the Serie A, and the La Liga. Many politicians and governing bodies felt that the ESL would take away the importance of national leagues, and would eventually make the national leagues lose their supporters and fans. This would have a negative impact on local communities, as many of the smaller clubs would experience a financial crisis from the lack of supporters and revenue. One of the strongest voices against the ESL, U.K. Prime Minister Boris Johnson stated, "The plans for a European Super League would be very damaging for football and we support football authorities in taking action. They will strike at the heart of the domestic game, and will concern fans across the country." The potential damages that the European Super League could do to the national leagues are especially concerning for politicians like Boris Johnson because many of them strongly consider local economic growth in order to keep their position and be re-elected. The politicians and the government intervene with the economic activities to prevent economic failures and maintain the economic growth. However, the establishment of the super league would cause a great impact on the local economic growth and probably lead to an economic failure, damaging all the politicians’ prestige. So that is why for the politicians, the European Super League is a big threat to their positions. Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. 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Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In How should ethical concerns in generative AI (bias, transparency, accountability) be addressed? Bias in generative AI arises from the data that it collects. Since most AI systems get information from datasets collected from history, they often inherit inequalities and prejudices. As Georgia Tech’s scholars note, “If the data reflects historical biases or injustices, then the systems that are trained on that data will do the same” (Georgia Tech). Fixing this needs careful checks of the data, more diverse teams designing AI, and ongoing reviews to make sure the results stay fair and balanced. Transparency, meaning being able to see and understand how AI makes decisions, is just as important. Many algorithms work like black boxes, giving results without clearly showing how they got them. The Georgia Tech article emphasizes that users affected by AI generated decisions deserve explanations that are “interpretable and easily communicated.” Without transparency, it becomes impossible to identify where an AI system may be reinforcing bias or producing harmful outcomes. Finally, accountability means knowing who is responsible when AI causes harm. The article explains that although there are some voluntary rules, strict laws are still uncommon. The article points out that while voluntary guidelines exist, enforceable policies are still rare. Governments and institutions must establish clear governance frameworks that define who is answerable for errors, misuse, or discrimination. It’s also important to ensure that people affected by AI have ways to challenge decisions and get fair treatment. Depending on how it is used, generative AI is neither good nor bad in and of itself. Developers, leaders, and users must collaborate to ensure that it is equitable, transparent, and accountable at every stage if it is to be used effectively. As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to advance, so too should our ethical perspectives. 10/31/2025 Share SeoHyeon Kwon Works Cited > News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Arts Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” Arts Share Wieroo Park 2023/02/05 Works Cited > News 0 02/05/2023 “American Horror Story and Glee” writer Ryan Murphy's “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” has been breaking records since its initial Netflix release on September 21st, as the second most-watched series on the platform right behind “Stranger Things 4.” Despite the massive backlash the show has been amassing on social media platforms such as Twitter and TikTok, and this trend still seems to remain positive. It's not a surprise that a show about one of the most infamous serial killers in history has gone viral, similar to the success of the 2007 film “Zodiac” by David Fincher featuring Jake Gyllenhall and Robert Downey Jr. based on the investigation of the Zodiac Killer, or Joe Berlinger's 2019 “Extremely Wicked, Shockingly Evil and Vile” with Zac Efron and Lily Collins, telling the story of American serial killer Ted Bundy–both being equals to Dahmer when it comes to global infamy. Yet, with the first few episodes of the show “Dahmer,” director Ryan Murphy's attempt in differentiating the show from pre-existing true crime television becomes apparent. After a few episodes on the upbringing of Jeffery Dahmer and his alleged childhood trauma, the show completely shifts focus from telling the life story of a killer to Dahmer’s victims–more specifically, the 16 men of color he murdered. Halfway through the show, we begin to see glimpses of the respective lives of Konerak Sinthasomphone, Anthony Hughes, Jamie Doxtator, and more of whom he killed. Despite having a profound interest in the realm of true crime and having heard the story of serial killer Jeffery Dahmer, I had no clue of who his victims were, how they lived their own lives, and how their families were treated after watching “Dahmer.” Especially with the depths this show explores with the issue of race, police prejudice and being LGBTQ+ between the 1970~1990s, this show seemed to shed light on “why” Dahmer wasn't caught earlier than he did, rather than “how” he did at all. This was the general consensus found between the wave of criticism the series had been receiving. With that being said, the Netflix series has tanked in audience reception, and received mixed reviews from critics. The primary concern for many viewers has been the fact that neither Ryan Murphy nor Netflix consulted the families of the victims of Jeffery Dahmer when creating the series. The series is "re-traumatizing Milwaukee's black LGBTQ+ community," Alexandra Jane from Yahoo!Life writes, as she continues to point out the irony in the series striving to shine light on the victims' stories while failing to even try to obtain basic consent to do so. Other viewers point out the uncomfortableness of the show's uncannily-realistic depiction of Dahmer's crimes, calling it to be "gruesome" and "disturbing". To this, I could say that I stand with the notion that many of those claims are reasonable and justifiable, but only to a certain extent. There is no word other than 'inconsiderate' when describing Netflix's approach in tackling a true crime case with surviving families of victims. Especially with the fact that several families of victims were strictly opposed to their relatives' death being turned into yet another TV series, the show becomes an exploitation of the victims' trauma. Still, I can't help but to wonder what legacy the show “Dahmer” might have left in the world of true crime media, only if it was done the right way. For one, it seems the widely-criticized gruesomeness of the show is what has been needed in true crime media for quite some time. When “Extremely Wicked, Shockingly Evil and Vile” made its 2019 Netflix debut, many were quick to point out the lack of "realness" shown in the film, as there were barely any scene of Bundy's crimes in action, such as the brutal killings and sexual assaults he eventually got charged for. Such circumstances led to the portrayal of Bundy as a charming young man who charmed his way through the American judicial system despite ending up on death row. It also put fuel to the fire of Bundy's supporters, most of whom were young women who saw a twisted attractiveness in his demeanor and looks. Yet, with “Dahmer” and its outright portrayal of Dahmer's crimes, the show continues to be criticized, but this time for being "hard to watch" or "too disturbing". To this, I say that there is no fine line in which true crime media has to walk in order to avoid such feedback. It seems crucial that more audiences should realize that; yes, the show portrays borderline unwatchable, hyper-realistic images of brutal killings and assault–yet that's what makes criminals such as Dahmer or Bundy such terrible individuals who should not be receiving anyone's support. While in recognition of the number of audiences who have went on to supposedly "romanticize" Dahmer and those who blame the show for causing such, “Dahmer” and it's terribly raw, real, and violent depiction of crimes which were just that goes on to remind us that perhaps it is the twisted audience at fault, rather than the show and its honest depiction of a serial killer. This, combined with the aforementioned emphasis the show puts on Dahmer's victims, is what makes Netflix's “Dahmer” a hard one to watch go. Objectively speaking, it is a great show with top-tier cinematography and a radical understanding of what true crime should be–perhaps it could be considered one of the best true crime media of the 21st century. Yet, the sheer extent of disapproval it's been receiving from the victim's families makes the show out to be one built upon exploitation under the name of acknowledgment. Off-the-record, if this show may be of intrigue, I suggest watching it on pirated websites instead of giving Netflix the streams it already has more than enough of. Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Arts Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? 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Opinion Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Review of The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway Opinion Share Seohyun Jang 2023/03/11 Works Cited > News 0 "The quintessential novel of the Lost Generation" could not have been more fitting as a description of Hemingway's first book 'The Sun Also Rises; a navigation between the lines of morality and love in the 1920s. Hemingway has risen to the list of classical authors through his distinct style of writing; objective, terse, emotively flat, and most of all, the deliberate 'coming-together' of the plot towards the end. A reflection of this writing style, this novel follows the story of Jake Barnes as an expatriate in Paris and Pamplona, remaining one of my top favorite books despite its evident flaws. This novel was the first ever Hemingway I've read–and to be completely honest I expected another boring, forcefully 'deep' writing–and to some extent, it was. The novel started off as a mere repetition of drinking, conversing, and arguing with the author introducing a never-ending list of complicated characters. It's basically a cycle of socially unavailing expats roaming around places to talk about cynical, hedonistic views while drinking. It was strictly uneventful with indiscernible human relationships; the first 30 pages being almost unbearable to read. Nevertheless, throughout the progression of the book the plot was subtly established as Jake tries to win Brett's interest in a way unprecedented in other protagonists. It was the acceptance that interrelation with Brett would lead to doom, the serpentine characterization of Brett, and probably the most memorable 'romantic' ending I'll ever witness in my lifetime that stunned me for a month after finishing this novel. I loved the intricate, deliberative details, I liked the graphic, emotive expression of Spanish bullfighting, and I enjoyed an unusual shift in Jake's characterization, which I won't say for the sake of not spoiling. Most of all, it caught my attention that it introduced a new perspective of history–an objective background of the 1920s, a rare copy of a non-glorified observation. It may be 'pessimistic' but in itself it holds the truth of distress people felt after World War I. . It historically reveals the start of an immeasurable capacity of human destruction, an agonizing memory of seemingly never ending tragedies; accentuated by Barnes' background as a WWI veteran. Subsequently, there are many observations stating Jake Barnes as an 'alter ego' of the author Hemingway. Barnes is an intellectual journalist portraying the infamous ideas of Hemingway. It shows how people lost purpose, meaning, and significance of life post-WWI. Lady Brett Ashley must be one of my favorite characterizations so far, a conventional femme fatale in the 1920s. Indubitably glamorized being written by a man, but coming with the realization of her own flaws, the character was gorgeously constructed–an ahead-of-his-time portrayal of somewhat realistic hyper-feminine characters. Upsettingly, I cannot gloss over the saturation of anti-semitic, homophobic, racist and misogynistic basis in the novel. In Jake's point of view; Jews are unbearably violent, women should fit into an unreachable standard, domestic abuse isn't even a big deal, and only people who risk their lives are making the 'best' of their lives. Barnes notably reflecting the views of the author himself, it is safe to say Hemingway's world view is undeniably limited and ignorant. He gives a role to every identity and sticks to it–a man is a man, a woman is a woman, a Jew is a Jew. Such wrongly biased ideas are so entrenched within the author that their connotations are hard to ignore throughout the book. This novel confuses me. The experimental, intelligent writing amazes me, but the ideas the author expresses is horrifying. Surprisingly, I would rate it a 10/10. Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Opinion Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” Robinson About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. 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Business Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In How DNA Traces Down Global Supply Chains Business 0 In San Joaquin Valley, California, cotton manufacturers spray billions of DNA molecules onto batches of freshly woven cotton. These DNA molecules travel everywhere, from Indian yarn factories to Costco shelves worldwide. American businesses check for the DNA's presence to ensure their cotton has not been replaced by cheaper Chinese yarn, banned for forced labor. Amid growing concerns about abuses of global supply chains, the use of DNA tracking technology has significant consequences. By March 2023, U.S. companies identified a billion-dollar worth of shipments suspected of illegal trading. Legal officials advocate for customer rights by strengthening laws that explicitly outline the protocols for product withdrawal from China. All companies must prove their goods are free from forced labor in their creation process before displaying them on market shelves. If not, those goods may be seized at the border and detained from entry into the U.S.. Along the same line, customers have become increasingly interested in the authenticity and ethical production of high-end products, such as diamonds, organic cotton, sushi-grade tuna, or Manuka honey. This has led companies to need to explain where every piece of their product comes from, not just ensure that they are free from forced labor. To the public, it may seem simple, but it's not as easy as it looks. Over the past decades in which they have developed their businesses and produced goods, international supply chains have become highly complex in attempts to reduce costs or diversify product offerings. Fewer sources come from local areas; thus, tracing every section of their supply chain will take time and effort. Especially for large enterprises operating upon multinational platforms, it is nearly impossible to identify source origins, as they are sponsored by thousands of suppliers worldwide. Each of these suppliers, in turn, relies on hundreds of other companies to maintain their business - and so forth, the supply chain becomes a bowl of spaghetti. That is why DNA comes in handy. Some companies use scientific methods to tag their goods, using synthetic DNA tags. These tags do more than leave a mark on products; by sequencing the DNA or analyzing isotopes after traveling, experts can quickly determine rainfall, latitude, temperature, or soil conditions of the regions the products traveled in. Other companies use digital databases or artificial intelligence to create extensive maps of transportation or to detect unusual trade patterns. Of course, criticism exists: skeptics argue adding these features to daily products will elevate manufacturing costs, a significant change for retailers under thin margins. Furthermore, concerns about digital safety still arise today, as hackers can easily break down internet-based systems, hiding the truth about specific products. Transparency in global supply chains is crucial for both customers and companies, with researchers prioritizing finding adequate solutions to address this issue. As businesses continue to adopt new technologies, it is likely that DNA tracking and other forms of technology will play an increasingly important role in ensuring that products are produced ethically and sustainably. 2023/04/23 Share Jian Chung Works Cited > News Business Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Magazine Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Giorgia Meloni, the New Face of the Far Right Magazine 0 Extreme right politicians were, most of the time, unsuccessful in the past. People of Europe weren’t convinced of the specific ideology brought up by extremists, heavily relying on their previous political beliefs and dependence. However, after living in such an unpredictable and unstable world, after encountering numerous social problems and wrongful tips of the global economy, there has been a change in some people’s minds. They no longer hope for a world of pure democracy and peaceful standings. These actions of pursuit have caused a rise in the emergence of extreme right politicians, especially in the continent of Europe. It inevitably appears to cause a change in various fields and areas of the EU. Not just changes but harmful modifications. Dominant economies of the EU primarily prioritize ideals such as freedom, equality, or internationalism. It means that their beliefs hold the opposing status to those right-wing extremists. Conflicts can be resolved through discussions and tolerances, but they will still cause a threat to those dominant economies since they no longer have as much public support. It will be challenging to maintain their dominance and power as the emergence of the new-colored people will bring small but significant changes in their minds. These changes may seem healthy and idealistic for society, but it doesn’t always benefit the primary economies of the EU. The extreme right has risen to be the major political force in France and has become the second-largest party in Sweden. Also, it is the largest party in the ruling coalition in Italy. At the center, Giorgia Meloni, from Brothers of Italy, became Italy's first female prime minister and the first extreme-right leader to take power since World War II. The extreme-right force, previously regarded as the periphery of politics, has been reborn as the mainstream, now establishing itself as the ruling force of Italy, the third-largest economy in the Eurozone. The factor that the right-wing coalition won is complex, but it is analyzed that the worst inflation had given a decisive impact on the vote. Italy saw consumer prices rise 9.0% in August from a year earlier, continuing their surge following 8.4% in July. Italy's far-right forces made the most of voters' frustration in the election campaign, including soaring energy and food prices and reduced purchasing power. The rise of far-rightism across Europe can be seen as adding to the negative factor of the Ukrainian war and the burden of living costs caused by soaring prices. The failure to control inflation has left European citizens dissatisfied with their government and the European Union (EU) system. After all, the revival of extreme-right forces associated with populism is seen in European society, and a potential threat obscured by economic problems will come. To fully investigate the potential threat the emergence of extreme right politicians may pose to the dominant economies of the EU, one must first discern the doctrines of the extreme right. One major characteristic is that they tend to marginalize social minorities, by applying a majority vs. minority dynamic. Following the same train of thought, the characteristic economic model of the right-wing is neoliberalism. Such a mindset especially stands out when it comes to immigrant policies. Minorities, especially immigrants, are being targeted as the ‘enemy’ of the European economies. The fear of these new demographics stealing the old’s places is dire. In extreme right-wing governments, subsidies for immigration integration are significantly cut. This not only includes accepting refugees but also cutbacks on the funds for education and training for immigrants who have already settled in these countries. In Belgium, where 16.5% of its population are first-generation immigrants and 13.7% are second-generation immigrants, immigration over the last five years had a positive impact on GDP, increasing it by 3.2% (The Economic Impact of Immigration in Belgium). In most countries of the EU, the economy heavily relies on the immigrant workforce. Policies by extreme right-wing governments ostracize immigrants, only making the integration of immigrants into the labor market harder. This outcome is the direct opposite of their objective to stop spending taxes on immigrant policies. Although prioritizing its citizens may have its advantages and necessities, one must be aware that the prime reason why human beings formed a society in the first place is to safeguard one another’s rights. Namely, the objective of the social contract was to establish a system in which people treat others equally, respecting each other’s sanctity. Thus, one must not fall into the trap of believing one’s self-interest is the top priority. 2023/10/23 Share Mina Cho, Hanbin Choi, Junhee Han, Gyujin Kim, Jinho Kim, Junsik Kim, Minyong Kim, Seojin Lee, Naeyong Park, Yebin Song Works Cited > News Magazine Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. 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