Business Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Business How the boycott affected Businesses supporting Israel Business 01/24/2024 Share Jiyu Sohn The Israli-Palestinian conflict, a protracted and deeply rooted conflict, continues to persist until now. Recently, there has been an ongoing genocidal military campaign against Gaza from Israel, resulting in the death of countless innocent civilians of Palestine. According to the Palestinian Ministry of Health, between the 7th of October 2023 to now, over twenty three thousands of Palestinians have lost their lives. In respond to this detrimental and alarming situation, there has been a global movement, calling for the boycott of businesses that are profiting from the genocide of the Plaestinian people. This economic boycott of Israel mainly aims to pressurize Israel to adhere to the international laws, and to appease private company's participation in such crimes. The movement to boycott Businesses supporting Israel is mainly derived from the BDS National Committee (BNC) leading the Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions (BDS) movement. This movement aims to hold businesses accountable for their contributions to the Israeli government, whose tax revenues are implicated to maintain the oppression of palestinians. These boycotts seek to disrupt the financial supporters of Israel, as the underlying purpose is that such economic measures will help mitigate Israel’s deleterious actions. Israel is seen to be especially susceptible to these boycotts, as they heavily rely on international trades, leading these initiatives to be potentially impactful in fostering changes to the Palestinian cause. One of the major businesses affected by the repercussions of the boycott is McDonald’s, facing significant financial setbacks across a number of markets in the Middle East. For instance, in Malaysia, a local branch of McDonalds is in the process of pursuing legal actions against a national boycott movement for $1.3 million loss of their profit, claiming that the accusations held against them are “false and defamatory.” In response to the circumstances they faced, Chis Kempczinski, McDonald’s CEO, expressed that “Our hearts remain with the communities and families impacted by the war in the Middle East” The Israeli-Palestinian conflict remains as a deeply entrenched issue, marked by a recent movement advocating for the economic boycott of businesses profiting from this crisis. These movements are imposing destructive impacts against many large businesses such as McDonalds. Works Cited > News News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

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Economics Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Works Cited > News Share Seungah Hong 2023/03/11 0 On the morning of February 6th, 2023, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake was recorded in southern Turkey and northern Syria. Without any warning, the first earthquake struck the city. . It was a completely unexpected disaster for all citizens, even for the experts. The earlier quakes killed 44,000 people in Turkey and Syria with tens of thousands more left homeless. The suffering caused by this sudden and drastic catastrophe resonated with anyone with a conscience.The extent of the damage is impossible to estimate with certainty, but it is an undeniable fact that it imposes a major impact on the Turkish economy. This disaster will require massive financial and institutional aid in order for the country to recover. The economic consequences of this earthquake, so far, seem to be high inflation and a collapsing Turkish stock market. Due to the high magnitude of the earthquake, its agricultural sectors have been tremendously devastated. Because of this havoc, the Turkish Enterprise and Business Confederation has estimated the cost to rebuild the collapse at between 10 to 50 billion U.S.D. This appears conceivable as over 8000 buildings, roads, and seaports have been destroyed. In addition, intercity gas, oil, and electricity lines will need to be repaired as well. These factors, if not addressed, will severely limit their Turkish supply chain for exports. Turkey is fragmented and heavily damaged land now. The physical destruction has led to a growing number of casualties which is not only a human tragedy, but adequate measures should be introduced to address the severe financial losses and weaken the workforce. Turkey is currently the world’s biggest refugee host country. About 3.6 million Syrian refugees live in southeastern Turkey where the earthquakes struck. In addition, because of this earthquake, the only border crossing where international aid can cross into Syria has been damaged. There is also an immense need for shelters so that people can seek cover from the elements. Experts recommend donating money instead of sending goods. Direct cash allows agencies to meet immediate needs, but it also allows a greater flexibility in being able to quickly purchase. There are approved organizations such as Syrian American Medical Society, UNHCR, UNICEF, and the White Helmets. In the current status quo, 120,334 search and rescue workers from government, NGOs and volunteer organizations are on the ground in Turkey along with global attention. As the rescue efforts continue, and collapsed buildings start to be cleared, it might be evident that many more buildings that have not collapsed yet are already damaged beyond repair. The international community should pay careful attention to them and continue to provide help to survivors. Many people have been killed and injured out of a population of roughly 400,000 and many of the survivors will need warm blankets. It is an urgent call for the international societies to help them recover rapidly from the disaster. Economics Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice. Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Economics Seungah Hong The Earthquake in Turkey and Syria: An Unprecedented Devastation

Market 제주특별자치도 소상공인경영지원센터 Introducing Our Partner (파트너 소개) 제주소상공인경영지원센터 제주소상공인경영지원센터 is an organization in Jeju that is dedicated to promoting the growth of small businesses by advocating for their products and supporting such groups through collaborations and holding transcending events. 제주소상공인경영지원센터는 제주의 소상공인을 위한 사업을 진행하며 창업과 운영 등의 과정에서 도움을 주는 기관입니다. 제주 소상공인 사회를 위해 기여하고 창의적인 사업 아이디어를 구상하며 협업합니다. LEARN HOW READ MORE Delivery App For Small Businesses: Mukkebi 소상공인 배달앱: 먹깨비 App For Small Business All Across the Nation (전국 소상공인들을 위한 배달앱) 01 With benefits for small businesses such as free of charge and monthly payment, as well as advertisement fees, Mukkebi is a friendly app for small businesses. Mukkebi also has the lowest commission rate in the country with 1.5%, aiming to provide the best opportunities for small businesses. 입점비, 월정액, 그리고 광고비가 모두 무료인 배달앱으로, 먹깨비는 국내 배달앱들 중 가장 낮은 수수료인 1.5%의 수수료를 제공하고 전국의 소상공인들을 위한 친화적인 배달 시스템을 구축하기 위해 노력하고 있습니다. Local Community Involvement (지역사회 활성화 및 참여) 02 Mukkebi aims to be a platform more than simply an app for delivery operations, and hopes to provide opportunities for all small businesses across the country while connecting local communities to valuable and unique products in creating a better economy. 먹깨비는 더 나은 지역사회와 경제를 위해 소상공인들과 고객들을 연결하고자 하는 목표를 가지고 단순한 배달앱 이상의 역할을 하기 위해 노력하고 있습니다. 고객들이 각 지역의 다양한 물품들을 경험하고 체험할 수 있는 기회를 제공하고자 합니다. With hourly discounts and coupons, Mukkebi also aims to provide the best customer experience by giving various benefits for all users. With a delivery system that only takes around 30 minutes, the customers will be able to experience the high quality products as soon as possible. Mukkebi aims to support both small businesses and customers in creating a coexisting relationship for a better economy. 시간대별로 다양한 할인과 쿠폰 제공 등 먹깨비는 고객들의 좋은 서비스 경험을 위해 다양한 혜택을 제공하고 있습니다. 소상공인과 고객들이 함께 더 나은 대한민국 경제를 만들어가고 좋은 품질의 제품들을 판매하기 위해 돕고 있습니다. 03 Various Benefits For Customers (고객들을 위한 혜택) Local Currency (지역화폐) 04 Mukkebi makes available all kinds of local currency that may not be available for many other delivery apps. For example, by providing the option to purchase products with the Jeju local currency, Mukkebi aims to revive and support the small business community just like the Robinson Review and YK Company. 먹깨비는 다양한 지역화폐의 사용이 모두 가능하며, 다른 배달앱들과는 달리 고객이 사용하고자 하는 지역화폐를 모두 받고 있습니다. 로빈슨 리뷰와 YK Company 같이 지역의 경제를 되살리고 제주 지역에서는 탐나는 전과 같은 지역화폐 사용을 늘리기 위해 노력하고 있습니다. LEARN MORE Announcements (공지사항) 01 2023년 소상공인 건강검진 지원사업 신청자 모집 공고(2차) 2023-06-23 02 2023년 골목상권 및 전통시장 경쟁력강화 지원사업 2차모집 공고 2023-06-21 03 2023 희망더하기 재기지원 사업(1차) 선정된 업체 지원금 신청서 및 완료보고서 서식 2023-05-16 04 2023 희망더하기 재기지원 사업 (2차) 모집공고 2023-06-05 05 2023 골목상권 시설개선 지원 사업 완료보고서 서식 2023-05-17 READ MORE Promotions Introduction to Business: 대표 사업 소개 EXPLORE SECTORS Here are some of the representative businesses being operated by the 제주소상공인경영지원센터. They are working actively at a daily basis to enhance the quality and successes of small businesses by providing valuable support. By sharing the vision of the Robinson Review and YK Company, we hope to collaborate with the 제주소상공인경영지원센터 to create an inclusive and productive community and economy. 아래에는 제주소상공인경영지원센터에서 현재 운영중인 여러 사업들이 소개되어 있습니다. 현재 센터에서는 소상공인 사회를 돕기 위한 다양한 사업들이 매일 활발히 진행되고 있습니다. 로빈슨 리뷰와 YK 컴퍼니는 제주소상공인경영지원센터와 공유하는 비전을 통해 협력하여 더 나은 제주 경제와 사회를 만들어나가기 위해 노력하고 있습니다. 01 Medical Checkup Support Business 건강검진 지원산업 The Medical Checkup Support Business provides support to small businesses who are struggling to afford medical checkup bills that are essential to their daily lives. Businesses that have been open for more than 3 years and have been paying more than ₩250,000 in a year with less than ₩8,000,000 in profit are eligible in receiving support. The 제주소상공인경영지원센터 targets to make medical services a widespread availability across Jeju. Similar to the vision of the Robinson Review & YK Company, 제주소상공인경영지원센터 targets to create an inclusive community that supports all individuals. 건강검진 지원산업은 소상공인의 건강검진을 지원하는 사업입니다. 현재 제주소상공인경양지원센터에서는 연간 ₩250,000 이상의 건강검진 지출과 ₩8,000,000 이하의 매출을 기록하고 있는 소상공인들이 무료로 건강검진 서비스를 받아 제주도의 많은 사람들이 필수적인 의료 서비스를 받을 수 있도록 노력하고 있습니다. 로빈슨 리뷰와 YK 컴퍼니 같이 제주소상공인경영지원센터에서는 모든 제주 지역의 시민들이 함께하는 경제를 만들어가기 위해 이러한 사업을 진행하고 있습니다. 02 Hope Plus Revitalization Support Project 희망더하기 재기지원사업 The Hope Plus Revitalization Support Project focuses on providing financial support to small businesses that have closed in the past 6 months. The center will provide up to ₩2,500,000 for operational and advertisement fees needed by small businesses to open their businesses again. The center hopes to revive the Jeju economy through such activities by restoring valuable products to the market. 희망더하기 재기지원사업은 소상공인의 재정적인 문제들을 돕기 위한 사업입니다. 현재 6개월 이상 활동인 중단된 업체들에게 ₩2,500,000까지의 재정적인 지원을 통해 다시 운영을 시작하고 재기할 수 있는 기회를 마련하는 것을 목표로 하고 있습니다. 또한 제주소상공인경영지원센터는 소상공인들의 활동을 살려 제주도의 경제를 활성화시키는데에도 목표가 있습니다. 03 Alley Commercial Facility Improvement Project 골목상권 시설개선 지원산업 The Alley Commercial Facility Improvement Project works to support small businesses in improving their workplace facilities by providing financial support of up to ₩3,000,000. The center hopes to provide support to 125 businesses of various fields in order to help small business entrepreneurs to produce for the Jeju economy in a supportive and high quality facility. 골목상권 시설개선 지원산업은 소상공인의 점포 환경개선을 위해 재정적인 지원을 하는 사업입니다. 제주소상공인경영지원센터에서는 ₩3,0 00,000까지의 지원을 함으로써 125개의 소상공인 업체들이 더 나은 환경에서 좋은 품질의 물품을 생산할 수 있도록 돕는데에 목표를 두고 있습니다.

About Us Communications & Media The Board of Directors consists of four upperclassmen at Korea International School Jeju and St. Johnsbury Academy Jeju. The Board of Directors at the Robinson Review provides strategic guidance, oversees the long-term vision of the organization, and ensures that its mission as a student-led journalism platform is upheld. Young Leadership, Fresh New Energy. The Robinson Review is led by young student leaders who pursue professional journalism. Ever since it was founded in August 2022, the Robinson Review has accompanied the variety of opinions from young journalists and leaders from all across the country. Our mission is to provide fresh perspectives on global issues, while building a community where young learners are provided the opportunity for growth and the sharing of their knowledge to a global audience. - Yechan Kim, Founding President We conduct various programs such as the Trainee Program, Interview & Book Review Program, and the Science Department to incorporate numerous groups of young individuals. See more Programs Under YK Company, the Robinson Review maintains its solid corporate structure while being the partner of Vivid Academics. With these support, we have accomplished much, but we also have a job to finish. See more Partnership We conduct workshops among branches and programs to foster communication and the creation of a community inside the Robinson Review that pursues diverse ideas See more Workshops We conduct various programs such as the Trainee Program, Interview & Book Review Program, and the Science Department to incorporate numerous groups of young individuals. See more Programs Under YK Company, the Robinson Review maintains its solid corporate structure while being the partner of Vivid Academics. With these support, we have accomplished much, but we also have a job to finish. See more Partnership We conduct workshops among branches and programs to foster communication and the creation of a community inside the Robinson Review that pursues diverse ideas See more Workshops Board of Directors The Board of Directors consists of four upperclassmen at Korea International School Jeju and St. Johnsbury Academy Jeju. The Board of Directors at the Robinson Review provides strategic guidance, oversees the long-term vision of the organization, and ensures that its mission as a student-led journalism platform is upheld. JiAn Lee President of the Robinson Review President of the SJA Branch Jihoon Lee President of the Robinson Review Editor-in-chief Minji Kim Vice-President of the Robinson Review Jiwoo Kim Secretary of the Robinson Review We work to communicate with the public as a transparent organization fully led by students. Social media platforms and other online methods are our way of communicating with energy and vigor. We are accompanied by talented and unique individuals, varying from college students in Princeton University and Johns Hopkins University to high school students all across the country. Vivid Academics Vivid Academics is an educational company in South Korea that operates various business endeavors for youth generations. This includes Model United Nations (MUN) and Speaker Series. Learn More SELFidence SELFidence is a youth organization that is committed to the self-confidence and mental health of the youth. SELFidence advocates for the enrichment of students as well. Learn More Liberty in North Korea Liberty in North Korea at Korea International School Jeju pursues the freedom of individuals in North Korea who are suffering from oppression and limited rights. Learn More Chemistry Club The Korea International School Chemistry Club pursues the enlightenment of students through the education of chemistry with practical experiments and questions. Learn More Bio-Science Club The Korea International School Bio-Science Club is focused on researching and publishing information on Biology for the public, led by student members of the group. Learn More Tri-M Honors Music Society The Tri-M Honors Music Society at Korea International School Jeju is dedicated to bringing harmony to the Jeju community through enlightening music and the spread of healing sound. Learn More Our Partners Evaluating the Righteousness of Amnesty for Child Soldiers Jeongwoo Lee Six Strategies to Eliminate Loneliness Insun Yoon A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” Robinson About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. 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Magazine Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Music & Mathematics: Their Intimacy Magazine 0 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, a renowned scientist, mathematician, and philosopher, once said “Music is a hidden exercise in arithmetic, of a mind unconscious of dealing with numbers,". Many eminent mathematicians, physicists or other scientists that research the fields related to mathematics tend to pursue their interest in music too. For instance, Einstein, a Nobel Prize winner for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect, was a passionate violinist. Mozart, one of the most accomplished composers of the time, was also a genius mathematician; his music often contained very mathematical patterns. Music seems to have more connection to mathematics compared to other fields within arts, such as paintings or literature. Why would this potentially be true? To elaborate on this inquiry, music has more similarities than other forms of art. Indeed, music and mathematics are both absolutely precise fields. The paintings would not be essentially altered when one extra color is added, and the line of the song might be improved if it is changed to a word that matches more. However, replacing one note from A flat to A sharp, for example, would lead to a disastrous result, just like changing the plus and minus signs in a mathematical equation. In this sense, music does resemble the underlying principles of mathematics. The next question that might emerge would be which elements of music make it so similar to mathematics. Looking back, the intimacy between mathematics and music began with the discovery of Pythagoras, an ancient Greek mathematician, and philosopher who is often known for his theorem regarding the right triangles. In addition to the Pythagorean theorem, one of the less-known discoveries he made was closely related to music and sound. In the 6th century B.C., Pythagoras experimented with strings of different lengths and discovered that when the string is divided into two parts so that it produces two distinct sounds but in a stable chord composed of consonants, the length of the divided parts can be expressed as the ratio composed of 1, 2, 3, or 4. During the time of Pythagoras, the consonants were defined as c, f, g, and octave higher c, and he thus explained the combination of these notes with mathematical ratios. Furthermore, by inserting notes in between those consonants and expressing them as ratios, c,d, e, f, g, a, b, and c can be written as 1, 8/9, 64/81, 3/4, 2/3, 16/27, 128/24, respectively. As Pythagoras began his discoveries, the intimacy of mathematics and music continued to intrigue mathematicians and musicians. Adding on to the contribution of Pythagoras, other technical parts of music make it similar to mathematics. The most notable few are sound waves and patterns. The sound waves the music produces can be analyzed with mathematical equations, especially sinusoidal equations. The patterns within music often resemble mathematics too. Each piece of music has complex patterns that have underlying mathematical principles in it. Mozart is known to be one of the most mathematical composers, and his music contains complicated tone patterns. Such affinity between music and mathematics can be found in multiple theories and figures. Music and mathematics may seem like two very different areas of subject matter, but they are one of the subjects that has deep connections with each other. 2023/06/17 Share Jiwon Kwon Works Cited > News Magazine Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Politics Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In The Debt Ceiling Debate gathers attention as McCarthy Meets with Biden to Discuss the Economic Impact of Possible Default on Social Security and Veterans' Pensions Politics 0 Recently, McCarthy was elected as a house speaker and had a meeting with Biden about the increasing debt ceiling, reflecting the economic impact on the people once the debt ceiling is officially raised. Republicans are pointing out the government's lax spending as a fault. If the government promises to reduce “waste spending,” it will negotiate a debt ceiling. However, nothing has been officially revealed about the specific targets or scale of government spending cuts. Republican lawmakers want to cut domestic programs and military spending drastically. However, the social security system for retirees and the disabled and 'medicare' is not included in the spending cuts. In other words, Republicans say that raising the debt ceiling is inevitable without spending cuts. While the debt ceiling debate is a fiery debate, the U.S. government's debt has already reached the statutory ceiling. On the 19th of last month, the government's total debt reached the cap set by Congress of $31.4 trillion. The Treasury Department is implementing "special measures" to avoid default, which it believes will allow the government to continue operating until early June. However, if the debt ceiling is not raised by this time, the U.S. could default. If such a default occurs, the people will be directly affected. Specifically, federal civil servants' salaries will be suspended, and paying social security and veterans' pensions will be challenging. Also, economists are concerned that the U.S. credit rating will be downgraded. Generally, a rating downgrade limits a country’s ability to borrow money and increase returns to investors. The stock market will collapse, and the dollar's value will be devalued, affecting the global economy. To conclude, if the debt ceiling continues to be raised - based on the concessions the Republicans are demanding–citizens of the United States would go through a series of economic impacts fatal to their everyday life. It is truly a debate whether who it is that is benefitting from these changes, and to look over each problem in hand from the citizens’ perspective. 2023/02/05 Share Chaeyi Ku Works Cited > News Politics Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In The Debates Surrounding the 2024 Nobel Prizes Share Hyesu Jung 10/19/2024 Works Cited > News 0 10/19/2024 The 2024 Nobel Prize announcements have ignited global discussions, raising critical questions about the boundaries of science, literature, and gender representation. South Korean female author Han Kang and former Google researcher Geoffrey Hinton emerged as two of the most debated laureates, each sparking unique controversies in their respective fields. Han Kang’s Nobel Win: Literature or Distortion of History? Han Kang’s Nobel Prize in Literature was celebrated for her “intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life.” Well-known for works like The Vegetarian and Human Acts, Han Kang’s writing often delves readers into Korea’s painful historical episodes, including South Korea’s 1980 Gwangju Uprising, in which more than 100 civilians were killed during the pro-democracy protests. Yet her Novel win has been subject to controversy. Some critics argue that her portrayal of South Korean history distorts facts, especially in her depiction of politically charged events like Gwangju. Despite this, the Nobel Committee praised her “unique awareness of the connections between body and soul, the living and the dead.” South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol added his support, calling her recognition “a great achievement in the history of Korean literature” that has “turned the painful scars of our modern history into great literature.” In defense of Han Kang, Nobel Committee member Anna-Karin Palm noted that Human Acts highlighted how “the living and the dead are always intertwined and how these kinds of traumas stay in a population for generations.” She called Han’s prose both “tender and brutal,” suggesting its lyrical quality serves as a “counterforce to the brutal noisiness of power.” This recognition, by the way, raises a recurring question about the Nobel Prize in Literature: should it prioritize emotional truth over historical facts? Geoffrey Hinton’s AI Work: A Physics Nobel or Misplaced Recognition? The 2024 Nobel Prizes also reignited discussions on gender disparity, particularly in science. Despite gains made by women in academia, many critics highlight that female scientists remain “underrepresented” among Nobel laureates. Commenting on this issue, StatNews reported that “scientists have expressed frustration about the lack of women among this year’s awardees, particularly the omission of two women who contributed to the work honored for the prize in physiology or medicine.” This inequity highlights persistent structural barriers that hinder women's recognition in significant scientific achievements. Some advocates argue that the Nobel Committee should consider the broader social impacts of its selections and work to increase inclusivity. Adapting to a Changing World These controversies underscore the Nobel Prize’s need to evolve with the changing world and societal expectations. As the lines between disciplines become increasingly indistinct and issues of representation gain importance, the Nobel Committee is under its pressure to clarify its criteria and ensure that excellence across various fields is recognized. It remains to be seen whether the 2024 debates will lead to adjustments in the Nobel process, but they highlight the complex task of balancing tradition with the demands of a rapidly advancing world. Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” Robinson About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Politics Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Politics The Slavery Issue During the Civil War Era Politics 01/25/2024 Share Soobin Jang Manifest Destiny, the idea that Americans were destined to expand westward, intensified the sectionalism between the North and the South of the United States. More land meant more problems: the tension between the North and the South intensified as each side struggled to gain more land through negotiation and war. In the face of such calamities, land gained through the Mexican-American war sparked a fierce debate: should slavery be allowed on the new territory? The North-South friction over matters like these eventually culminated in the Civil War in 1861. Expansion and sectionalism exacerbated differences over politics and slavery. Abolitionists in the North grew increasingly adamant about ending slavery, while Southern slaveowners grew more adamant about their right to possess slaves and argued for strong federal laws to return enslaved people who escaped. This was less of a moral dissension than an economic one: the North favored an industrial lifestyle, while the South required more slaves due to their agrarian culture. Opponents of slavery promoted an “underground railroad” to help fugitives escape from slave territory, and Congress passed compromises attempting to solve the issue of allowing slavery into new territories. However, such efforts led to more tension between the North and the South. For example, the Compromise of 1850 banning slave trading in Washington D.C allowed California to be a free state, strengthened the fugitive slave act, and made New Mexico and Utah popular sovereignty. It seemed to be easing the tension, but in reality it was only the start of a mcuh larger conflict. The following event, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which had outlawed slavery above 36º36’ and reopened the struggle over slavery, leading to a “Bleeding Kansas”. Later, the 1860 election of Abraham Lincoln, a notable abolitionist, caused the South to secede from the Union as ittriggered fears of ending slavery and increasing Northern power. This was arguably the most decisive factor in the conflict that would take place a year later. When the long fight over the slavery issue between the North and the South ended, the government began creating reconstruction amendments and civil rights acts in what was known as the Reconstruction era. These laws and terms passed by Congress immediately emancipated black slaves and granted them equal and protective rights to vote. Indubitably, white Americans who could not agree to having equal rights with the blacks, created violence and white supremacist groups such as the KKK and the black codes. The abolishment of slavery was a significant political feat achieved by the Civil War and the Reconstruction era. Nonetheless, while legislation officially announced the equality of races, de-facto impact from the deep-rooted disparities still remain, contributing to racial tensions even until today. We must approach this issue with care and insight if we wish to bridge the gaps left by centuries of inequality and hate. Works Cited > News News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Magazine Business Economics Politics Science Arts Podcast Magazine Games Programs Opinion About Us Market Collaboration Edition : How's the Earth Doing? Is CRISPR-Cas9 the Future of Humanity? How Has pH Been Exploited for Cooking Purposes? By Sungmin Ahn, Nayoon Cho.. By Sungmin Ahn, Nayoon Cho.. Collaboration Edition : Korea International School Jeju Chemistry Club We feature Korea International School Jeju’s Chemistry Club students for the latest collaboration edition, in which they discuss environmental issues from microplastic use to the rise of plant based products. The edition points out the science behind newly developing eco-friendly technologies and the future of our world By the Robinson Review featuring the Korea International School Jeju Chemistry Club By Sungmin Ahn, Nayoon Cho.. Eradicating Water Pollution Microplastic May Not Be That Bad By Sungmin Ahn, Nayoon Cho.. Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice. The Kevin McCarthy Saga: The Rise of the Far Right Eunnuri Cho, Seungah Hong, Soomin Hwang, Sangwon Jeong Implications for Israel's Economy and Business Landscape Hyunuk Bang, Soobin Jang, Harry Jung Political Opposition Against the European Super League (ESL), Why? Seongmin Choi Editions The rise of AI March Edition By the Robinson Review The new roaring 20s January Edition By the Robinson Review Around the corner November Edition By the Robinson Review Turning Tides October Edition By the Robinson Review Featuring Korea International School Jeju Chemisty Club 2023 Collaboaration Edition By the Robinson Review By the Robinson Review The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has caused tremendous fear and apprehension, especially after the release of ChatGPT by the company OpenAI. March Edition : The rise of AI Monthly edition By the Robinson Review The media platforms and sources of entertainment have opened up a new era of a mass consumption society. From the Netflix documentary “Harry and Meghan”.. January Edition : The new roaring 20s Monthly edition By the Robinson Review With 2022 coming around the corner, the world is experiencing its few last minute tectonic shifts including the November Election and the buyout .. November Edition : Around the corner Monthly edition By the Robinson Review The world political scene is turning tides to face a new year that may change everything. Xi Jinping and Giorgia Meloni’s election.. October Edition : Turning Tides Monthly edition By the Robinson Review We feature Korea International School Jeju’s Chemistry Club students for the latest collaboration edition, in which they discuss environmental issues from microplastic use to the rise of plant based products. The edition points out the science behind newly developing eco-friendly technologies and the future of our world. 2023 Collaboaration Edition : Featuring Korea International School Jeju Chemisty Club Monthly edition

Science Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Sustainable Developments of Microplastic Science 4 Microplastics are everywhere in marine environments: on the coast of Spain, in the Yangtze river in China, in the Great Australian Bight, the Mariana Trench, and in lakes and rivers across the United Kingdom. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, microplastics are found in 12% of freshwater fish in the United States. They are also found at a rate of 112,000 particles for every square mile of water in the Great Lakes, and 1,285 particles for every square foot of river sediment. Microplastics are defined as any pieces of plastics less than 5 millimeters in size. Microplastics come from multiple sources, including cosmetic products, synthetic clothing, and plastic items like toys and furniture. These small particles are concerning because of their high specific surface area for absorbing contaminants, such as HBCD, and their potential to translocate in organisms and ecosystems. Producing and consuming fewer plastics will be the most obvious solution while plastic is an empirical material in various fields, including construction, electronics, and fabric. Scientists try to improve the recycling of plastics and develop biodegradable plastics–mostly only broken down in specialized facilities at high temperatures. The options currently available–mostly made from corn, sugarcane, or waste fats and oils–generally lack mechanical strength. However, recent breakthroughs in producing plastics from cellulose or lignin promise to overcome those drawbacks and also can be obtained from various sources, including nonfood plants and agricultural by-products. The cellulose consists of plant cell walls and lignin that does not easily dissolve in most solvents are suitable for making bioplastics providing both strengths and rigidity of standard plastics. A few scientists rather explore ways to clean up microplastic waste. They have found enzymes and bacteria that can break down certain types of plastic although the side effects are still to be examined (e.g., the production of greenhouse gasses). The polyester-eating enzymes are protected by a polymer that prevents the enzyme from untangling. When exposed to heat and water, they get rid of their polymer shroud and chomp the plastic polymer into building blocks (e.g., lactic acid). The by-product can be used to fertilize the soil, and such a method can be applied to various types of plastics. Earthworms with plastic-munching bacteria in their guts might be able to remediate soil from plastic waste. 2023/04/23 Share Jungyeon Wi Works Cited > News Science Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.