Economics Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Economics Elon Musk and the Future Economics 01/24/2024 Share Dowoon Lee (Bill) Within the last few decades, Elon Musk became the richest man in the world. Yet, many people don’t recognize the impact of Elon Musk on world economics. His success in the electric car market, space travel, and media is making him the most impactful individual on the Earth. Musk’s decades-long mission to develop an electric car has finally culminated as Tesla, a multibillion corporation boasting countless sales worldwide. . Two large contributing factors to this project have been governments’ indirect support and the public’s preferences. In the face of heavy environmental degradation and calamities, individuals started to emphasize the need for climate action. The only obstacle to this–they just didn’t have enough motivation to actively make changes. After Tesla was commercialized, individuals could relieve their responsibility by passively buying eco-friendly cars. In addition, governments worldwide are also trying to make policies that support firms that try to prevent climate changes, and Tesla is included as one of them. Therefore, we can conclude that Elon Musk is and will continue to increase his influence on the car market, possibly posing a threat to classic oil-fueled models. The entrepreneur has also extended his interest to space travel. SpaceX, the firm at the forefront of Musk’s efforts, have succeeded in creating reusable rockets and exerting almost full monopoly over the industry. Government regulations on SPACEX have also been sparse, as it is the only firm to recent date that has been successful at making eco-friendly space rockets. As a result, his dominance on this market will also increase, rendering other companies to be dependent on SPACEX’s choices. Last but not least, Elon has control over one of the largest media in the world, X, formerly known as Twitter. While X does not have complete dominance over competing firms, it is still one of the most popular social media platforms worldwide. Musk can therefore censor or suggest certain contents, subtly driving users away from toward certain products. In other words, X can be used to manipulate users’ thoughts to increase the CEO’s own profits and decrease other firms' profits. In conclusion, Elon Musks’ dominance over several large markets and media may result in numerous other companies to be dependent on his choice. However, views on this are still ambivalent. If Musk makes the right choices and leads world economics toward a hopeful path, his efforts should be commended. Otherwise, his multi-industry dominance should be dispersed to others for a better future. Works Cited > News News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Weekdays, Month Day, Year 00 °c Log In Economics Unveiling the Moral Imperative: Examining Tech Giants' Responsibility in Safeguarding Children Online Economics 03/03/2024 Share Celine Park On January 31th, 2024, the US Senate Judiciary Committee conducted a hearing titled “Big Tech and the Online Child Sexual Exploitation Crisis” on the CEOs for five major social media platforms. The CEOs of Meta, TikTok, Discord, X, and Snap were asked what they are doing to protect the children using their platforms. Supporters of the accusations argue that it is the companies' responsibility to ensure user safety. This involves ensuring children from exploitation and harassment. They believe parents struggle to keep pace with evolving technology and rely on companies to police their platforms. Failure to do so, whether intentional or not, should have consequences, given the moral and ethical obligations involved. Critics claim that tech companies prioritize profits over addressing fundamental issues such online child exploitation. They argue that media platforms profit from sensational content, which often involves disturbing content that attracts clicks and advertisement revenue. Despite rising stock prices, resources for monitoring and preventing abuse, including sexual exploitation, are being cut. Opponents of strict scrutiny argue that tech CEOs have already implemented overdue child safety measures and are making efforts to regulate their platforms. However, critics argue that these actions have not been sufficient, as evidenced by ongoing instances of abuse and exploitation affecting countless minors. In conclusion, the debate surrounding the responsibility of tech companies to protect children online is multifaceted. While some argue that CEOs have taken overdue steps to address the issue, others contend that these efforts have been insufficient given the persistent nature of online harm. The ethical and moral imperative to protect vulnerable users, particularly minors, remains paramount. As technology continues to evolve, it is crucial for both regulators and tech companies to work collaboratively towards effective solutions that prioritize the safety and well-being of all users. Works Cited “Preview: Senate Judiciary Committee to Press Big Tech CEOS on Failures to Protect Kids Online during Landmark Hearing Today: United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary.” Preview: Senate Judiciary Committee to P... | United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 31 Jan. 2024, www.judiciary.senate.gov/press/releases/preview-senate-judiciary-committee-to-press-big-tech-ceos-on-failures-to-protect-kids-online-during-landmark-hearing-today. Accessed 03 Mar. 2024. > News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Weekdays, Month Day, Year 00 °c Log In Science Senators demand for child safety against major tech companies Science 03/03/2024 Share Soyee Kim On January 31 2024, the major tech companies – Meta, X, TikTok, Snap, and Discord – testified on ‘safeguarding children’ on their Social Network Services (SNS). Mark Zuckerberg, the CEO of Meta, made an apology to the parents of teenage victims of online exploitation. I thought it was great responsibility of Mark Zuckerberg to do so, however, I believe that the accusations made by the committee are not valid. Today, we live in a world where technology continues to develop and most people own a digital device. We can barely find people without the social media account. In social media, people can do different things such as posting their daily lifestyle, education, and advertisement. Although tech companies put an age restriction when making a new account, there are still a lot of children who access these platforms by faking their age. The company put an age restriction since there are a lot of inappropriate things for kids to watch. Even if the company considered the children’s safety, it is the children who avoided the rule. The parents should not blame these CEOs for not protecting the children ahead. Parents must restrict their children from being on social media for instance, the parents should add a ‘screen time’ on their children’s phones so that they have no access to harmful media. Therefore, it is the parent’s fault, not the CEO company's responsibility. The parents should have paid more attention to their children in order for them to not lead in harmful ways. Works Cited Child Safety Hearing: Senators Demand Tech Executives Take Action to Protect Children Online. 31 Jan. 2024, www.nytimes.com/live/2024/01/31/technology/child-safety-senate-hearing. Accessed 3 Mar. 2024. Vanian, Jonathan. “Meta’s Zuckerberg Apologizes to Victims in Tense D.C. Hearing: “I’m Sorry for Everything You’ve Gone Through.”” CNBC, 31 Jan. 2024, www.cnbc.com/2024/01/31/ceos-of-meta-tiktok-x-and-other-social-media-firms-to-testify-at-hearing-on-child-safety.html. Accessed 3 Mar. 2024. > News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Weekdays, Month Day, Year 00 °c Log In RR x CI Workshop 2025 Business Economics Politics Science Opinion Arts Podcast Magazine Games Programs Market About Us Check out the amazing works of middle school students from Chadwick International School! PFAS: A Seemingly Harmless Molecule That Poses Serious Risks CI G5 Students' Opinions on the New Gates What is a paleontologist and what do they do? Chowon Park Clarenne Shon Elliott Boland Four Fun and Educational Ghibli Movies, Best Choice for Spending Your Time Productively. Harin Lim A Summer Voyage Perfect For You Heading 2 Jihoon Choi Nature’s Climate Heroes Sarah Garcinuño Square Watermelons Laura Chung Eunjae Lim, Jumi Nam 00:00 / 02:13 Suveer Sorti Harang & Dasom

Business Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In The Metaverse: Is It Just a Buzzword or the Next Big Thing? Business 1 What if I told you everything that you know about life was going to change? How you play games, how you eat, how you shop, how you hang out with your friends, and even how you go to work. You can hang out with your friend in a separate physical space with a small, packable rectangular headset that greets you into the astoundingly fabulous digital world when you put it on your eyes. Recall back to the pandemic, when everyone was locked down in their stifling room restrained to go out and work, play, and socialize. The usage of the internet and social media increased, and people started to value the digital presence of the world more. Technology is rapidly developing. The world is gradually digitizing. The Metaverse is what’s next. This is a three-dimensional world where you are watching people in a digital world where you can’t even tell the difference, and walking around a three-dimensional version of yourself in this alternative universe. That’s the Metaverse. The universe is physical, and the metaverse is an alternative reality that’s going to be an additional layer on the top layer of where we are today. The development of Metaverse is triggering a huge impact on the world and is relentlessly transforming our daily lives. Virtual reality like Metaverse is and will become an influential and pervasive aspect of the whole world’s future, which will dramatically impact the lives of current society. Its leverage will greatly impact the everyday life of people, thus affecting the trend of business and the job market. Augmented reality is rapidly developing, and is poised to greet every customer to use it in the near future. Hence, it’s integral for firms to embrace the unfamiliar, but influential technology in their business. Metaverse is and will dramatically upend people’s socialization. One example that best epitomizes such socialization can be a concert. GameIndustry revealed the stunning 20 million dollars and 12.3 million players that worldwide pop star Travis Scott grossed on his performance in Fortnite. This is much more than one of his best concerts, which yielded 1.7 million dollars with only 50,000 audiences. Physical concerts are expensive and frantic due to the congestion of people. However, the experience in the metaverse removes all those flaws. Imagine not having to drive in 20-minute traffic lots to go to a concert. Imagine being able to do this cheaper, more effectively, and then also just getting this more immersive experience that you never could before. Moreover, Metaverse will upend the customer environment in buying the commodities, making it more convenient for customers to determine the purchase. Nike and Adidas already have their own metaverse collections. Other luxurious fashion brands like Louis Vuitton, Burberry, and Gucci are all hosting their digital fashion shows. People are going to obtain the preference for shopping via the digital world, in matters of convenience and contracted dissatisfaction. According to Internet Retailing, 89% of surveyed customers had complaints and dissatisfaction on affording cloth online, owing to delivery issues, size issues, etc. Imagine putting on a headset, having a three-dimensional avatar of yourself having exactly the same physique, and you’re able to buy clothes, fit them on that virtual self of you, and determine the purchase. And this applies not only to cloth but to everything you buy. Metaverse will dramatically impact people's vocations as well. TechnologyMagazine states that the digital workforce connects myriads of members in the corporate world to convene with each other and work without any limitation of time, place, and cost. With the Metaverse, people can interact with their co-workers and bosses and feel immersed in distant meetings. Forbes says Metaverse will also have huge leverage on businesses in film, healthcare, real estate, e-commerce, manufacturing, etc. Various technology firms are investing considerably in the development of augmented reality to answer those skepticisms. An article from ThoughtsWork stated that “the use of Metaverse has been further entrenched with Meta’s recent $10 billion bond issue and many other related Metaverse investments.” Google also invested 69 and a half million dollars into private equity funds for the Metaverse. All technology behemoths want to monopolize such a lucrative business, as they already penetrate the prevalence and instrumentality of augmented reality to every aspect of the gradually digitizing world. Competitions between firms along with tremendous investments will imminently lead this technology to its peak. The change that’s stated above is only the tip of a giant iceberg. Metaverse can affect how you socialize, shop, and work. It can also dramatically change the workforce environment and trends. However, the immense endeavor and investments from big firms will make it possible to impact the everyday factor of your life. The firms embracing such novel technology will be benefited, while the firms neglecting it will encounter a bleak future. 2023/03/11 Share Dowoon Lee, Seunghyeon Lee, Chanseo Ryu Works Cited > News Business Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? 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Economics Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Works Cited > News Share Jiwon Moon 2022/11/27 1 Russia brought chaos to European countries In August 2022, Russia announced a reduction in natural gas supply through the undersea gas pipe "Nord Stream 1" leading to Germany. Europe's high dependence on Russian natural gas has begun to be used as a weapon of retaliation against sanctions imposed on Russia. Since the outbreak of the war between Russia and Ukraine, natural gas retaliation has been foreseen to some extent. Russia has a contract with Europe and delivers a fixed amount of gas through the gas pipe for decades. So, Russia has no power to stop or reduce natural gas under normal conditions. However, the war gave Russia the power of force majeure. Force majeure refers to unforeseeable circumstances that prevent someone from fulfilling the contract. In other words, this law gives one side a carte blanche to change or violate the consensus. Thus, the declaration of force majeure made it possible for Russia to hold substantial authority over the supply of natural gas without European consent. After natural gas started to be cut off, European countries immediately established an anti- Russian alliance through a meeting of energy ministers. They announced policies to reduce 15% of gas consumption by the end of March next year. However, as Russia's natural gas suspension prolonged, divisions began to emerge among the united European countries. In the process of increasing natural gas reserves, relatively weaker countries began to suffer more from energy inflation, questioning Europe's energy crisis response policy. The price of natural gas in Europe skyrocketed by more than 600%, and electricity prices, which is relatively related to natural gas, increased more than ten times. Despite equally imposing economic regulations, the sharp fluctuations in energy prices have caused weaker countries to lose more damages. Furthermore, the major powers' passive attitude toward these problems has amplified their dissatisfaction. Not only internal inequality but also external inequality in the process of allocating natural gas imported from other countries are also accelerating European division. Russia's natural gas accounts for half of the total energy consumption in Europe. It indirectly suggests that although European leaders have agreed to reduce energy consumption, the import of natural gas from other countries is inevitable. Thus, the European Union (EU) decided in July to fill the shortage of natural gas by expanding Azerbaijan's gas imports by 150% and increasing LNG fuel imports. However, the problems arose again. Despite the distribution considering the population and energy consumption of each European country, it is no different from a country with more power taking more energy. In particular, from the perspective of weak Allied countries, they do not believe fair distribution because the EU revolves around powerful countries. After all, the reality of having to find substitute energy resources peremptorily, not cooperating with the rest of European countries, is disrupting Europe and the world. The cuts in natural gas supplies from Russia did not stop at simply causing an energy crisis in Europe. The hidden inner shadow of the European Union, which arose during the responding and allocating, has caused cracks in the plate of Europe. Therefore, Russia's reduction in natural gas supply is likely to cause an energy war. The conflict between America and OPEC On the 5th of last month, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and its ten partner countries agreed to cut crude oil production by 2 million barrels per day. That is about 2% of the world's daily oil spending. The reason for announcing the oil reduction is that OPEC wants to block the fall of oil prices. However, the United States expressed strong complaints about the decision. They believed that Saudi Arabia, the leader of OPEC, and Russia were joining hands to face Western countries. Recently, the United States and European Union announced sanctions on oil exports targeting Russia. The move is aimed at making Russian oil exports difficult, preventing Russia from spending the money it earned from selling oil, and eventually hurting the Russian economy. However, if the oil prices rise due to OPEC's decision, the effectiveness of sanctions could be invalid because even if Russia sells less oil, it can make the same profit. From the perspective of a political point of view, the recent decision of OPEC and Saudi Arabia is surprising and unexpected because the U.S and Saudi Arabia have been in a strong relationship. The United States wants to intervene in the Middle East by dominating the global oil supply chain with Saudi. On the other hand, Saudi Arabia wants to protect its nation from Iran by purchasing U.S weapons to overcome its military inferiority. To prolong the relationship, President Biden visited Saudi Arabia in July. Despite the summit, Salman of Saudi Arabia kept their stance to cut crude oil production. Since the Biden administration was inaugurated, there is no reason to listen to their demands considering its trade gains and losses. In addition, Saudi Arabia felt that the U.S stopped intervening in the civil war in Yemen, and restoring the nuclear agreement in Yemen are the opposite movement against its nation. When the U.S and Saudi Arabia's relationship ends, the two countries will try to find alternative markets. In particular, the United States will cause an energy war by competing with Europe and Asia to find other countries to import oil. Therefore, OPEC's decision is pushing the world into chaos, along with Russia's cut in natural gas supplies. Economics Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice. 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Magazine Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Korea’s Demographic Crisis Is Worse Than You May Expect Magazine Share Hyunuk Bang, Soobin Jang, Harry Jung, Seunghyeon Lee, Jisoo Moon, Jaehun Oh, Chanseo Rue, Hwarim Ryoo, Wonjun Son 2023/04/23 Works Cited > News 0 4/23/2023 South Korea is experiencing one of the most consequential crises that will change the economic trajectory for upcoming decades. As South Korea’s death count surpassed the birth count for the first time in 2020, the country has entered a fragile economic state. With the decades-long, steep decrease in birth rate, Korea will lose nearly 20% of the labor force by 2040. South Korea, over the last decades, experienced one of the most rapid economic growths from the poorest country in the world after the Korean War to one of the most advanced economies in the world. Yet, this rapid change had consequences of its own: over the period of the economic boom, increased prosperity caused a “sharp decline in South Korean birth rates from 6.1 children per woman in 1960 to around 1.6 by 1990,” according to a recent report. Then how does the change in demographics impact Korea’s economy? The decline in the birth rate is causing a significant shift in Korea's demographic makeup, which, in turn, has a ripple effect on its economy. The aging population denotes a smaller labor force, which leads to lower economic output and productivity. This decline in the labor force will also create challenges for the social security system. This system relies on contributions from the younger working population to support the older generation. Moreover, with a smaller labor force, companies will struggle to fill vacancies, which could lead to a rise in wages and higher production costs. Such ripple effects contribute to decreased cash mobility throughout the nation as well as lower profits for South Korean businesses. Not to mention, a decrease in cash inflow may influence domestic companies to become extremely hesitant to invest in advancing technologies, ultimately resulting in the stagnation and loss of worldwide competitiveness of the state's businesses. To illustrate the ripple effects of low fertility rates, consider the case of Japan in the 1980s. During their economic boom in 1989, six out of ten companies with the largest market capitalizations were Japanese companies. However, as Japan passed the economic stagnation of “lost decades” and the individuals stopped making investments, Japan’s companies quickly lost their competitiveness. Currently, in 2023, not a single Japanese company is listed on the top 10 list. What is interesting is that one of the key causes of Japan’s lost decades is attributed to the demographic change of an aging population. From the case of Japan, a lesson can be learned that, if complex economic factors are intertwined, the low fertility rate could lead to instability of the country and even destruction. The business is also significantly impacted by changes in demography. The most noticeable effect is a shortage of young people in the labor force, which results from the disparity in young people’s inflow across the industries. The video/broadcasting and communications industries only saw a 0.1 increase in mean age, whereas the mining and repair industries saw 5.7 and 4.9 increases in mean age, respectively, according to a report from the national statistics office that compared the mean ages of various industries from 2009 to 2017. In addition, enterprises with small and medium-sized businesses experience difficulties due to a lack of young people to fill open positions. A startling 63.4% of the firms questioned by the Korea Economic Research Institute, which included 576 small and medium-sized enterprises, said they hadn't employed as many workers as they had anticipated. As the population ages, it is predicted that more businesses will experience increasing labor shortages. So how should the company adapt to such a demographic shift? The simplest solution is to address the low birth rate issue. The recent story of a prominent company's chairman visiting an employee's house who had given birth to four twins and bowing to the infants has been a huge issue in South Korea. As seen in this case, businesses should pay considerable attention to the issue of the birth rate. They should set up internal welfare programs like parental leave, birthing incentives, or a company-run childcare facility. Making the firm an environment where young workers desire to work is crucial if you want to hire more young people. As the population continues to age, "age-friendly" services and products are another approach a firm should consider for its senior clients. It makes the right sense for businesses to provide products or services that can meet the demands of seniors as more and more of their consumers in the future will be elderly. This process has been referred to as "capturing the gray market" by the business publication "Economist," and the Center for the Study of Aging Society at Korea University published a book titled "2022 Senior Trend" that suggests concepts like senior-focused Internet and financial services, home-care services, and aging tech as promising business items in the future. Yet, domestic actions taken by private businesses in South Korea are insufficient to fully address the challenges they will face in the future. For South Korea’s long-term growth, the country must fundamentally alter its demographic diversity–and at first, Korea’s remedy may seem simple. From a purely economic perspective, the government can accommodate more immigrants, as they would help to increase the size of the labor force, and thus the production levels. Accepting immigrants in Korea, however, introduces challenges in multiple degrees: not only does the policy require unprecedented policy and legal reforms, but such a proposal, as previously suggested by all economists in Korea for more than decades, also presents a unique challenge against Koreans' antipathy towards multiculturalism. In the 2020 Korean Identity Survey by the East Asia Institute, Koreans’ support for a multicultural nation declined noticeably over the decade (60 percent in 2010 to 44 percent in 2020), suggesting predictable dissent even if the Korean government accepted more immigrants. Furthermore, in an article published in Bloomberg, “Korea would need to see the number of immigrants increase as a share of the working-age population from the current 3% to 30% by 2045” just to maintain the size of the current labor force, requiring “a near-impossible task” to reform immigration laws, social norms, and more. If South Korea wants to become global, it needs to become one from the inside out. In a predominantly homogeneous society, Korea’s first reaction to foreign cultures may be hostile. Regardless, South Korea’s competitiveness in the ever-changing global economy will depend on its ability to reform itself to multiculturalism. In the face of one of the most difficult times of the decade, South Korea may need another Miracle of the Han River-- a “miraculously” rapid economic development following the Korean War. However, it is the young generation of Korea that can make the most change in society at large, to lessen the burden that may confront us in the future. Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Magazine Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? 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Magazine Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Is CRISPR-Cas9 the Future of Humanity? Magazine 0 CRISPR-Cas9 is an immune system that serves as a defense mechanism for prokaryotes against bacteriophages. After its discovery in 1987, scientists discovered a revolutionary way to make use of CRISPR-Cas9. In 2012, scientists George Church, Jennifer Doudna, Emmanuelle Charpentier, and Feng Zhang pioneered a way to use the Cas9 system as a genome-editing technology. They stated that CRISPR-Cas9 can cut-and-paste specific parts of an organism’s gene if there is an aligning guide RNA. The specific mechanism of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing is as follows. The first step that needs to be done is designing the guide RNA, which complements the targeted DNA sequence and guides the Cas9 protein to the right location. This procedure is followed by delivering the CRISPR-Cas9 system to the editing site using methods like viral vectors and electroporation. Then, the guide RNA and Cas9 protein binds to create a complex. This allows the guide RNA to guide the CRISPR-Cas9 to the intended location in the DNA where the Cas9 protein makes a double-stranded break. Then, the break is repaired by either method of NHEJ (Non-Homologous End Joining) or HDR (Homology-Directed Repair) to create the desired modification in the gene. Such use of CRISPR-Cas9 in the genetic engineering field can be applied in the clinical field, especially in the treatment of various types of cancer. Because cancer is caused by genes that lead to the overgrowth of cells and eventually the growth of tumors, it is viewed as a genetic disease. This gene can be induced from damage on the DNA from harmful factors like excessive intake of alcohol or as an inherited trait from parents. Scientists think that the modification on the gene that causes cancer could be made possible by CRISPR-Cas9 and a guide RNA. There have already been experiments conducted to test the effectiveness of Cas9 protein in combating cancer. 2023/04/23 Share Sungmin Ahn, Nayoon Cho, Sumin Cho, Sungbin Cho, Younseo Choi, Eunjae Hong, Junseok Huh, Yuju Hwang, Jinuk Jung, Sian Kim, Sunwoo Kim, Dayeon Lee, Gunwoo Lee, Jungwook Lee, Hoseong Nam, Jeongyeon Park, Shinyoung Park, Jungyeon Wi Works Cited > News Magazine Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Monthly Edition: January What is Populism? Politics Share Chaeri (Iris) Kang “Us vs. Them” is a commonly used concept by populists. They polarize the society by solidifying the pre-existing divides between the authentic ‘people’ and so-called ‘enemies’ or ‘outsiders.’ According to a report by The Guardian, 1.7 billion people were living under a populist leader at the start of 2023. Although the number decreased compared to the 2.5 million in 2020, the concept of “populism” has intrigued political scientists and its surge established a place in the international community. Populism can be defined as ‘reflecting a deep suspicion of the prevailing establishment, which is believed to conspire against people instead of working in their interests.’ Populists believe that people are defined as the ‘true repositories of the soul of the nation.’ Contrary to its similarly-structured word called ‘popular,’ many scholars have raised a question of whether populism fits within the principles of democracy. Donald Trump in the United States and Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil were well-known as previous populist leaders. In the current state, Joko Widodo in Indonesia and Narendra Modi in India are known for their characteristics as populist leaders. On the one hand, scholars claim that populism doesn’t promote liberal democracy but is rather closer to ‘majoritarianism,’ the idea that the rule set by the majority of a population should be upheld. Jan Kubik, professor of Political Science at Rutgers University, said that “There is no democracy that is no liberal democracy. A fundamental component is the protection of the rights of the minorities. We typically don’t see this with populist governments.” He pointed out that while liberal democracy aims to protect minority rights, the rise in populism led to increased persecution of LGBT citizens, women, and migrants. On the other hand, others claim that populism is necessary for democracy, and populism does not have to be translated into an authoritarian structure all the time. For example, Historian David Critchlow defines populism as ‘grassroots’ or ‘anti-elitist movements’ that change public policy. He believes that populism is necessary for democracy as the ‘social movements’ are necessary for ‘democratic renewal’ as they can translate popular discontent into government taking actions to address the concerns and issues. With differing perspectives among the community on whether populism promotes or impedes democracy, it is yet too early to draw a definite conclusion. Just because the leader claims that they represent the poor and the underprivileged and that they can satisfy the demands of the majority of the society, does the same apply to their actions? What are some possible means to continue implementing checks on the political leaders? A wide range of debate and viewpoints are necessary. Works Cited > News News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.

Politics Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights Politics 0 These days, the debate over same-sex marriage has grown worldwide. Some people strongly dissent over queer marriage policies, while others keenly consent to. Nevertheless, in 2022, on December 13th, Joe Biden signed the Respect for Marriage Act, allowing homosexual people to be relieved of their love. The Respect for Marriage Act recognizes same-sex marriage. While it can not stop individual states to prohibit same-sex marriage, it requires all states to federally recognize these marriages even if they happened in different states. The signing of the Act is an unconventional bill that has given a great shock to the world and stirred up a contentious confrontation between people in America. In the early stages, most people either dissented from the bill's passage or felt awkward with the new policy. Nevertheless, Americans slowly realized their close friends; family members also happened to be part of the LGBTQ+. Regardless of their political parties, there were many gay people among Democrats and Republicans. Even the high-profile homosexual woman in the country was the daughter of the Republican vice president. In addition, two years ago, when renowned homosexual man Pete Buttigieg ran a campaign to be the Democratic presidential candidate, nobody cared about his sexuality. Concerning this phenomenon, it was clear that public support of gay marriage has steadily increased from 27 percent to 71 percent. While the support base for same-sex marriage proliferated throughout the states, the campaigners targeted patriotic homosexual Americans. Rather than presenting the LGBTQ+ right as an ordinary revolutionary movement, they have accentuated the commitment to an institution favored by the conservatives, asking for the right to marry and join the army without considering their sexuality. Therefore, myriad patriotic homosexual people wanted to participate in America’s mainstream. Nevertheless, the passage of the same-sex marriage law was not fully endorsed by the public. The conservative backlash over gender issues has further developed as a form of physical violence. In November, five people were gunned down at a gay nightclub in Colorado Springs due to hatred towards homosexual people. To prevent such crises, Joe Biden has criticized the Republicans for passing a “callous and cynical” law aimed at transgender, homosexual people. He proclaimed the government would assure their safety and protection from violence and the opposing sides. He congregated the value of racism, antisemitism, homophobia, and transphobia and asserted they are all connected, hence the only solution for this social upheaval is by embracing the opponents with love which all applies to different values of conflict. The population of the president eminently rose, after the passage of the bill. Just over 25 years ago, the preponderance of Americans said marriage between the same sex was unacceptable and should not be recognized by law. However, Joe Biden became the person who deteriorated the conventional prejudices and declared a law bill ahead of time. He has been acknowledged as the “most pro-equality” president in American history and became the highest-ranking U.S. official to endorse the same-sex-marriage. However, as same-sex marriage has now become legal, the state's recognition of the aforementioned bill differed. In states where same-sex marriage is legal, the federal government recognized these unions. However, in the case of the states which illegalized same-sex marriage did not permit it. The government accepted diversity and individualism only if each state promised not to interfere with their realm. Therefore, the relationship between the political population and the specific groups of people is observed, forming a win-win for both sides. The political parties can take a step further with their policies to break the traditional norm and demonstrate unexpected prospects for the country. This might be a chance determination as people are inclined to show hostility to the new policies. Still, Biden's case has explicitly apprised the benefits of supporting neglected groups of people. Rather than antagonizing the entire nation, Biden has gained many adherents by risk-tasking. 2023/02/05 Share Yusang Yoon Works Cited > News Politics Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? 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Politics Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shown Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Politics Share Seung Hyeon Lee 2023/04/23 Works Cited > News 3 4/23/2023 Recently, there are many ongoing debates about the potential cold war between two superpowers, the United States of America and the People’s Republic of China. However, public opinion is inclined toward China. They say the recently increased tension was due to the U.S. shooting down a Chinese research balloon flying over the U.S. airspace, and such an overreaction is absurd and hysterical. Nevertheless, the U.S. shooting down the Chinese balloon was completely justifiable as it was to ease its citizens’ nervousness, prevent intelligence leakage, and take a superior political stance. The U.S. had no better choice than shooting it down since the balloon was a fearsome existence for Americans. The balloon’s exceeding capabilities relative to other research balloons and its payload about the size of a regional jet created many speculations about what it is; most were associated with privacy concerns and violence. For years, Americans were very sensitive to privacy as they are tracked everywhere: by their phones, facial recognition systems, and over 50 million security cameras. Therefore, 63% of respondents in a poll by Bloomberg chose ‘providing greater privacy protections’ as a priority for Congress. Adding fuel to the fire, the balloon’s potential surveillance intensified the anger of the U.S. citizens as their personal information could be obtained by a foreign country. Moreover, influential people such as a Fox News host and Former House Speaker alleged that the balloon is carrying bioweapons and electromagnetic pulse weapons. The Americans were frightened that a fatal weapon was hovering over their heads. With all the worries and anxieties of its citizens, the U.S. had to cope with the balloon in order to ease its citizens. Thus, directly eliminating the dangerous factor or shooting it down was the best choice for the U.S. When more information came out about the balloon, the country’s confidentiality was endangered. The balloon was for surveillance. While it flew across very sensitive military sites, the balloon with intelligence-gathering sensors “was capable of collecting signals intelligence and taking photos,” the U.S. officials said. There was a high possibility that the government’s confidential intelligence was obtained by China. The secretary of State, Blinken said, “What we saw when it was over the United States was clearly an attempt to surveil very sensitive military sites.” While no one knows how much data they obtained and how they will take advantage of the obtained information, the leakage of military sites could be a direct threat to the country’s security and sovereignty. Therefore, the U.S. cannot let the balloon gather more information while putting itself in danger. Besides confidentiality, the U.S. shot down the Chinese balloon to take a higher political position. The U.S. and China are the current biggest countries in the world in terms of population, economy, and military. As China develops exponentially and threatens the U.S.’s world’s leading position, the U.S. wants to keep China in check to repress them and maintain its superiority. As their relationship is the most major issue in the world, the balloon incident gained lots of attention. It was the opportunity for the U.S. to show the globe that China cannot directly threaten its mainland. By shooting missiles at balloons and publicly denouncing China for illegal spying, they could solidify their superiority as well as create an unfavorable reputation for China. Otherwise, it would be embarrassing for the U.S. to let the rival spy since it will be the same as showing two things to the world: the U.S. could not detect China’s spy program, and China can directly threaten the U.S. The Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell said, “We should not have let the People’s Republic of China make a mockery of our airspace.” As such, The U.S. had to shoot it down. In conclusion, the U.S. did the right thing in dealing with the Chinese surveillance balloon due to three factors: reassure its citizens, protect confidentiality, and take a better political stance. There were several speculations about the balloon in terms of privacy and weapons, which increased anxiety among Americans. Moreover, the balloon was collecting the nation's top secrets that can directly intimidate the country’s security. China was rapidly developing and chasing the world’s leading position. In order for the U.S. to solve those problems, shooting the balloon was the most suitable method. The world is terrorized by the idea of the cold war between the two biggest countries. The two superpowers take large portions in terms of everything, and such a clash will negatively impact the globe. Before the situation worsens, the two governments should improve their relationship for the sake of the world and themselves. Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Politics Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” Robinson About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. 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Economics Tuesday, December 23, 2025 00 °c Log In Economics How Will the Current Decrease in South Korea’s Birth Rate Affect Its Economy? Economics 12/10/2023 Share Dowoon Lee (Bill) South Korea, now most popular for K-pop and its fast technology, has reported the lowest statistic in an unexpected topic: birth rate. According to Douthat, the fertility rate of South Korea, which once reached about three births per woman in the 1980s, has now reached 0.7 births per woman. People speculate that South Korea will soon face a crisis due to a decreased labor force that contradicts South Korea’s labor intensity. However, will South Korea face the fall? Despite the concerns, the chances of South Koreans losing their homes from poverty are very low. The country’s experience of recovering from an economic crisis and robust technological and cultural basis will be the main reasons a country with a low fertility rate maintains its well-being. To thoroughly understand the current circumstances in Korea, one has to understand what has caused the decrease in the fertility rate. The news company SBS investigated this problem several years ago. They explain that it is human instinct that teenagers in their 20s are reluctant to have a baby. Most animals on Earth tend to live in an adequate population, as being abundant will result in a lack of resources. It is the same for Koreans. Compared to the size of the country, there are too many people living in it. Since it is even more challenging for the citizens to find new land to live in modern civilization, they seek a solution by decreasing the population. As stated, it will lead to a lack of labor force and an economic crisis. Although Korea will soon face hardship, the experience of recovering from suffering, IMF, can be a big help. In 1997, South Korea faced a financial crisis due to the government's excessive plan to improve the country's finances, the IMF financial crisis. Very few people could run away with the economic burden and have grudging time. Unexpectedly, everyone started to donate gold they owned for everyone to be financially stable. Everyone has hope with everyone's aid, and the government could successfully implement appropriate policies to stabilize the economy. The descendants will inherit the experience of successful results of cooperation like this. As a result, there is a high possibility that citizens will find their way out. After suffering, Koreans' immense development allowed them to have noticeable technology and culture worldwide. Through the development of atomization, the need for physical labor has decreased. Furthermore, SAMSUNG and other large companies have successfully advertised themselves worldwide. Although they would also inevitably be affected by the upcoming danger, having worldwide fame would greatly help in times of suffering. Like technology, Korea's culture, including K-pop and K-food, is also world-famous. Focusing and expanding those markets could give the country a last hope to boost back. While we recognize the problem, its cause, and how plausible this crisis will be, we should not already give up. The possibility of success from the country's experience and innovations that we have made should give people hope and motivation to work harder. Works Cited > News Robinson Review Favorites A Review of Alternative Bottleless Water Ooho Dongha Kim Three Reasons Why the U.S. Shot Down the Chinese Spy Balloon Seunghyeon Lee How Truly Significant Is the Collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank on the U.S. Economy? Songi Chai, Yubin Cho, Seohyun Jang.. Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights As the Birth Rate Issue Emerges in China, CNN’s Recent Report May Shine Light on a New Vision of Politics Seoun Kim The New Fossil Fuel: Lithium Yubin Cho Yubin Cho Trending on Robinson Review As Economic Growth Slows, Retail Sales in March Decreases Joe Biden's Signing of the Respect for Marriage Act Becomes A Turning Point in the Fight for LGBTQ+ Right Vaseline on Your Face? Four Tips That Others Don’t Know The Controversy Behind Netflix “Dahmer–Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story” General About Us Staff Events My account Popular sections Politics Economics Science Arts Other sections Opinion Magazine Games Contact Us Contact Us Social media Advertise With Us COOKIE PREFERENCES PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © Robinson Review 2023. R and ‘Robinson Review’ are trademarks of Robinson Review. Robinson Review and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the Robinson Editorial Code of Practice.